Chapter 14 questions

what affects both normal cells and cancer cells by disrupting cell function and division at various points in the cell cycle; new drugs are being developed, such as protein kinase inhibitors, to target cancer cell-specific functions.

Antineoplastic drugs

It is important to explain to women that chemotherapeutic agents should not be used during pregnancy because A. the tendency to cause nausea and vomiting will be increased. B. of potential serious adverse effects on the rapidly multiplying cells of the fetus. C. bone marrow toxicity could alter hormone levels. D. patients may be weakened by the drug regimen.

B

Carcinomas are tumors that originate in A. mesenchyme. B. bone marrow. C. striated muscle. D. epithelial cells.

D

A female patient is taking oral cyclophosphamide therapy for breast cancer. Because of possible adverse effects of the drug, the nurse will instruct the patient to: A. drink a lot of water. B. limit fluid intake. C. take the medication at bedtime. D. increase the protein in her diet.

a

A nurse administers ondansetron to a client receiving chemotherapy for which reason? A. Reduce vomiting B. Prevent hypersensitivity C. Relieve inflammation D. Decrease secretions

a

A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will be starting a course of doxorubicin shortly. When planning this patient's care, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? A. Risk for Infection related to suppressed bone marrow function B. Risk for Impaired Skin integrity related to cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin C. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements related to metabolic effects of doxorubicin D.Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance related to decreased neurological function

a

A postmenopausal woman with breast cancer will most likely be treated with which anti-estrogen drug? A. Tamoxifen B. Bleomycin C. Cyclophosphamide D. Cisplatin

a

An oncology nurse is preparing to administer cytotoxic chemotherapy medications. Which measure best protects the nurse from harm related to the chemotherapy? A. wearing protective equipment B. performing thorough hand hygiene C. mixing medication in a 1000-mL bag D. administering medication intramuscularly whenever possible

a

The goal of traditional antineoplastic drug therapy is to A. reduce the size of abnormal cell mass for immune system destruction. B. eradicate all of the abnormal cells that have developed. C. destroy all cells of the originating type. D. stimulate the immune system to destroy the neoplastic cells.

a

The oncology nurse understands that chemotherapeutic agents are most effective during a particular phase of the cell cycle. This means the agents are: A. cell cycle-specific. B. cell cycle-nonspecific. C. growth fraction. D.cell targeting.

a

When describing the various effects of antineoplastic agents, the nurse explains that antineoplastic drugs primarily affect human cells that are rapidly multiplying, going through the cell cycle quickly. The nurse would identify which cells as an example? A. Skin B. Breast C. Testicles D Ovaries

a

Cancers arise from?

a single abnormal cell that multiplies and grows

Which of the following points would be most important for the nurse to stress when developing a patient-teaching plan for a patient receiving antineoplastic therapy? SATA A.The importance of keeping the head covered at extremes of temperature. B. The need to use barrier contraceptives because of the risk of serious fetal effects. C. The importance of avoiding exposure to infection because the ability to heal or to fight infection is impaired. D. The importance of avoiding food if nausea or vomiting is a problem. E. The importance of avoiding digging in the dirt without protective coverings because of the many pathogens that live in the dirt that could cause infection. F. The importance of taking periodic rest periods during the day because you will feel tired when your red blood cell count falls.

a, b, c, e, f

Hair loss, or alopecia, is an adverse effect of many antineoplastic agents. If a client is receiving a drug that usually causes alopecia, it is important that the nurse do which of the following? SATA A. Warn the patient that alopecia will occur. B. Encourage the patient to arrange for an appropriate head covering at extremes of temperature. C. Advise the patient to lie with the legs elevated and head low to promote circulation and prevent hair loss. D. Encourage the patient to arrange for a wig or other head covering before the hair loss occurs. E. Advise the patient that people will stare and can be rude when hair loss occurs. F. Make arrangements for the patient to attend a support group before hair loss happens.

a, b, d

Cancer cells lose their normal function (___________), develop characteristics that allow them to grow in an uninhibited way (__________), have the ability to travel to other sites in the body that are conducive to their growth (___________), and can stimulate the production of blood vessels to bring nutrients to the growing tumor (____________).

anaplasia autonomy metastasis angiogenesis

Antineoplastic drugs destroy human cells. They are most likely to cause cell death among healthy cells that A. have poor cell membranes. B. are rapidly turning over. C. are in dormant tissues. D. are across the blood-brain barrier.

b

Cancer drugs are given in combination and over a period of time because it is difficult to affect A. slowly growing cells. B. cells in the dormant phase of the cell cycle. C. cells that multiply rapidly and go through the cell cycle quickly. D. cells that have moved from their normal site in the body

b

Cancer treatment usually occurs in several different treatment phases. In assessing the appropriateness of another round of chemotherapy for a particular patient the nurse would evaluate which of the following as most important? A. Hair loss B. Bone marrow function C. Anorexia D. Heart rate

b

Adverse effects associated with antineoplastic therapy include effects caused by damage to the rapidly multiplying cells, such as

bone marrow suppression, which may limit the drug use; GI toxicity, with nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, and diarrhea; and alopecia (hair loss).

A client develops leukopenia after receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate? A. Disturbed body image B. Imbalanced nutrition C. Risk for infection D.Deficient fluid volume

c

Cancer can be a difficult disease to treat because A. cells no longer progress through the normal cell cycle. B. cells can develop resistance to drug therapy. C. cells remain dormant, emerging months to years later. D. the exact cause of cancer is not known.

c

Some properties of neoplastic cells are the same as the properties of normal cells, including A. anaplasia. B. metastasis. C. mitosis. D. autonomy.

c

Which antineoplastic drugs are classified as antineoplastic antibiotics? (Select all that apply.) A. Bleomycin (Blenoxane) B. Carboplatin (Paraplatin) C. Dactinomycin (Cosmegen) D. Daunorubicin (DaunoXome) E. Busulfan (Busulfex)

c,d,e

Which agent would the nurse expect to be administered orally? A. Cytarabine B. Fluorouracil C. Gemcitabine D. Methotrexate

d

The goal of cancer chemotherapy is to

decrease the size of the neoplasm so that the human immune system can deal with it.

Cancers can manifest as diseases of the blood and lymph tissue or as growth of tumors arising from

epithelial cells (carcinomas) or from mesenchymal cells and connective tissue (sarcomas).

Cancer drugs are usually most effective against cells that multiply rapidly (i.e., proceed through the cell cycle quickly). These cells include most

neoplasms, bone marrow cells, cells in the GI tract, and cells in the skin or hair follicles.

Chemotherapeutic agents should not be used during pregnancy or lactation because

they may result in potentially serious adverse effects on the rapidly multiplying cells of the fetus and neonate.

Antineoplastic drugs are often given in combination so that they can affect cells in various stages of the cell cycle, including cells that are emerging from rest or moving to a phase of the cycle that is disrupted by these drugs.

true

The newest drugs developed as antineoplastic agents target very specific enzyme systems or processes used by the cancer cells but not by healthy human cells. These drugs are not as toxic to the patient as traditional antineoplastic drugs.

true