Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves (Part 2)

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126) ________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve. A) Cerebral palsy B) Bell's palsy C) Addison's disease D) Gout E) Hydrocephalus

B) Bell's palsy

121) ________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read. A) Aphasia B) Ataxia C) Apraxia D) Bell's palsy E) Dysphagia

A) Aphasia

86) Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of A) Parkinson's disease. B) rabies. C) Alzheimer's disease. D) myasthenia gravis. E) tetanus.

A) Parkinson's disease.

71) The anterior nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) secrete pituitary hormones. C) secrete melatonin. D) receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve. E) secrete pituitary hormones and melatonin.

A) are part of the limbic system.

56) The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as A) ataxia. B) aphasia. C) dysphagia. D) Parkinson's. E) epilepsy.

A) ataxia.

140) At the optic chiasm, A) axons from the medial halves of each retina cross. B) axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. C) axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. D) the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain. E) the optic nerve enters the cerebellum.

A) axons from the medial halves of each retina cross.

51) If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) breathing B) control of blood pressure C) coordination D) sleep patterns E) judgment

A) breathing

38) What is produced by the structure labeled "2"? A) cerebrospinal fluid B) neurotransmitters C) white matter D) hormones E) red blood cells

A) cerebrospinal fluid

109) The highest levels of information processing occur in the A) cerebrum. B) diencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) corpus callosum.

A) cerebrum.

37) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) choroid plexus B) cerebral aqueduct C) third ventricle D) subarachnoid space E) corpus callosum

A) choroid plexus

133) A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex. A) corneal B) tympanic C) auditory D) vestibulo-ocular E) consensual

A) corneal

42) Identify the structure labeled "7." A) dura mater B) lateral ventricle C) fourth ventricle D) subarachnoid space E) filum terminale

A) dura mater

57) Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in A) increased consciousness. B) sleep. C) coma. D) decreased cerebral function. E) coughing.

A) increased consciousness.

118) Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to A) increased muscle tone. B) loss of consciousness. C) inability to sense pain. D) sexual arousal. E) involuntary speech production.

A) increased muscle tone.

68) The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because A) it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it. B) it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body. C) it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones. D) its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs. E) None of the answers is correct.

A) it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it.

87) The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) transverse fissure. D) parieto-occipital sulcus. E) postcentral sulcus.

A) longitudinal fissure.

59) The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the A) midbrain. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) 4th ventricle. D) basal ganglion. E) cerebellum.

A) midbrain.

124) The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is A) olfaction. B) gustation. C) hearing. D) vision. E) dizziness.

A) olfaction.

89) The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

A) parietal lobe.

100) The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the A) prefrontal cerebral cortex. B) occipital association cortex. C) reticular formation. D) temporal lobe. E) cerebral ganglia.

A) prefrontal cerebral cortex.

95) The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. A) primary sensory B) primary motor C) visual D) olfactory E) auditory

A) primary sensory

138) You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to A) smell his food. B) smile. C) blink his eyes. D) nod his head. E) hear your voice.

A) smell his food.

105) Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to A) the prefrontal cortex. B) the general interpretive area. C) Broca's area. D) Wernicke's area. E) the temporal lobe.

A) the prefrontal cortex.

143) The patient has the following symptoms: change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the A) vagus nerve. B) pineal gland. C) abducens nerve. D) trigeminal nerve. E) amygdala.

A) vagus nerve.

129) The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are A) I, II, and III. B) III, IV, and VI. C) II, III, and IV. D) II and VI. E) III and V.

B) III, IV, and VI.

113) ________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech. A) Frontal B) Integrative C) Communication D) Terminal E) Vocal

B) Integrative

146) Identify the nerve labeled "3." A) facial B) abducens C) trochlear D) trigeminal E) vagus

B) abducens

54) The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.

B) arbor vitae.

106) Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the A) anterior commissures. B) basal nuclei. C) motor association areas. D) visual cortex. E) auditory cortex.

B) basal nuclei.

45) Identify the structure labeled "10." A) arbor vitae B) central canal C) corpus callosum D) pons E) diencephalon

B) central canal

72) The medial nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe. C) produce the hormone oxytocin. D) process visual information. E) process olfactory information.

B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe.

66) The pineal gland is part of the A) hypothalamus. B) diencephalon. C) midbrain. D) mesencephalon. E) 3rd ventricle.

B) diencephalon.

120) A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time. A) electrocardiogram B) electroencephalogram C) x-ray D) MRI E) CT scan

B) electroencephalogram

70) Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? A) contains the mammillary body B) forms the roof of the diencephalon C) processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum D) forms the cerebrum E) creates the lateral ventricles

B) forms the roof of the diencephalon

82) Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A) contains cerebral and diencephalic components B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D) links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem E) functions in emotions, learning, and memory

B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon

116) Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his A) vestibulocochlear nerve. B) general interpretive area. C) speech center. D) prefrontal lobe. E) temporal lobe.

B) general interpretive area.

141) A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? A) glossopharyngeal B) hypoglossal C) vagus D) spinal accessory E) trigeminal

B) hypoglossal

73) The posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the A) basal nuclei. B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei. C) mamillary body. D) interthalamic adhesion. E) All of the answers are correct.

B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei.

74) The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the A) pulvinar. B) lateral geniculates. C) medial geniculates. D) supraoptic nuclei. E) paraventricular nuclei.

B) lateral geniculates.

102) After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. A) right frontal B) left frontal C) right temporal D) left temporal E) occipital

B) left frontal

128) Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) olfactory E) abducens

B) oculomotor

149) What is the function of the structure labeled "7"? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) auditory E) eye movement

B) olfaction

92) The primary motor cortex is the surface of the A) insula. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) arcuate gyrus. E) corpus callosum.

B) precentral gyrus.

122) The basal nuclei A) plan and coordinate voluntary muscle activity. B) provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking. C) coordinate sensory information. D) control the secretions of the pituitary gland. E) control respiration and blood pressure.

B) provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.

62) The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the A) four cerebral lobes. B) superior and inferior colliculi. C) first four cranial nerves. D) the 4th cranial nerve. E) two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles.

B) superior and inferior colliculi.

44) Identify the structure labeled "9." A) dura mater B) superior sagittal sinus C) lateral ventricle D) subarachnoid space E) arachnoid granulation

B) superior sagittal sinus

78) The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medulla oblongata E) cerebellum

B) thalamus

49) Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because A) electrical activity originates within the medulla. B) the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there. C) the blood might not be able to circulated properly around the brain. D) control of body temperature and thermoregulation are its functions. E) digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.

B) the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.

136) Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb? A) trochlear B) trigeminal C) facial D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal

B) trigeminal

151) Identify the nerve labeled "11." A) oculomotor B) trigeminal C) trochlear D) abducens E) optic

B) trigeminal

127) There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. A) 2 B) 6 C) 12 D) 22 E) 31

C) 12

134) Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen? A) VIII B) IX C) X D) XI E) XII

C) X

99) Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. A) commissural B) sensory C) association D) somesthetic E) processing

C) association

52) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) mesencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata.

C) cerebellum.

39) Identify the structure labeled "3." A) arbor vitae B) corpora quadrigemina C) cerebral aqueduct D) pons E) diencephalon

C) cerebral aqueduct

60) Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the A) tegmenta. B) corpora quadrigemina. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.

C) cerebral peduncles.

77) The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus A) regulate lactation. B) secrete oxytocin. C) control feeding reflexes. D) control heart rate and blood pressure. E) secrete antidiuretic hormone.

C) control feeding reflexes.

152) Identify the nerve labeled "12." A) trochlear B) trigeminal C) facial D) abducens E) vagus

C) facial

81) Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system? A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) globus pallidus D) hippocampus E) fornix

C) globus pallidus

101) Parkinson's disease is the result of A) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. B) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. C) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. D) hyperactivity of the limbic system. E) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

C) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

93) The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________. A) insula; parietal lobe B) frontal lobe; temporal lobe C) insula; frontal lobe D) precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex. E) corpus callosum; fornix

C) insula; frontal lobe

40) Identify the structure labeled "4." A) cerebral aqueduct B) lateral ventricle C) lateral aperture D) 4th ventricle E) choroid plexus

C) lateral aperture

88) Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri.

C) lobes.

131) Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve. A) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal B) maxillary branch of the trigeminal C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal

C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal

48) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) pons. B) cerebrum. C) medulla oblongata. D) cerebellum. E) midbrain.

C) medulla oblongata.

108) Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? A) Broca's area B) Brodmann area C) prefrontal cortex D) Wernicke's area E) general interpretive area

C) prefrontal cortex

75) Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A) secrete cerebrospinal fluid B) secrete melatonin C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum D) store memories E) regulate food intake

C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

79) Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem? A) an intense thirst B) an uncontrolled sex drive C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature D) an insatiable appetite E) production of a large volume of urine

C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature

61) The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) superior and inferior colliculi. D) cerebral peduncles. E) basal ganglia.

C) superior and inferior colliculi.

98) The auditory cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

C) temporal lobe.

85) Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? A) the prefrontal lobe B) the general interpretive area C) the limbic system D) the thalamus E) the putamen

C) the limbic system

112) Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to A) speak. B) move her left arm. C) verbally identify an object placed in her left hand. D) recognize written words. E) touch her nose with her eyes closed.

C) verbally identify an object placed in her left hand.

64) Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with A) control of autonomic function. B) regulation of body temperature. C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. D) conscious control of skeletal muscles. E) control of breathing.

C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.

142) Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve? A) loss of the sense of taste B) tooth pain C) weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle D) lack of facial expression E) dry mouth from lack of saliva

C) weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

111) A person with a damaged visual association area may be A) unable to see rows of letters. B) declared legally blind. C) unable to recognize letters but able to identify whole words and their meanings. D) able to see letters but unable to associate them into words. E) unable to understand spoken words.

D) able to see letters but unable to associate them into words.

104) The general interpretive area A) is the speech center of the brain. B) is responsible for predicting future consequences. C) is the site of long-term memory storage. D) allows us to interpret what is read or heard. E) may be damaged by even a small stroke.

D) allows us to interpret what is read or heard.

55) The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellar cortex. E) arbor vitae.

D) cerebellar cortex.

94) The corpus callosum is composed of A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.

D) commissural fibers.

76) The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it A) controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. B) determines what can enter the brain from the blood. C) controls reflexes. D) determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. E) passes motor information on to the cerebellum.

D) determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

147) What is the function of the nerve labeled "4"? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) hearing and balance E) eye movement

D) hearing and balance

135) Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? A) hearing B) equilibrium C) atmospheric pressure D) hearing and equilibrium E) hearing, equilibrium, and taste

D) hearing and equilibrium

83) The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) mamillary bodies D) hippocampus E) fornix

D) hippocampus

80) Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? A) prefrontal cortex B) postcentral gyrus C) basal nuclei D) hypothalamus E) reticular formation

D) hypothalamus

145) Identify the structure labeled "9." A) olfactory bulb B) optic chiasm C) oculomotor nerve D) infundibulum E) mammillary body

D) infundibulum

96) Commissural fibers A) carry pain information to the correct brain structure. B) are divided by the longitudinal fissure. C) link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon. D) interconnect areas of cerebral cortex. E) cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere.

D) interconnect areas of cerebral cortex.

46) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) heart.

D) medulla oblongata.

97) The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

D) occipital lobe.

139) Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) cerebral cortex. D) olfactory bulb. E) olfactory tract.

D) olfactory bulb.

117) Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to A) understand written words. B) understand spoken words. C) understand visual images. D) play the piano. E) sense the texture of velvet.

D) play the piano.

115) What symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with damage to the basal nuclei? A) inability to process thoughts in a rational way B) visual problems C) facial tics D) problems in rhythmic movements related to skeletal muscles E) anger problems

D) problems in rhythmic movements related to skeletal muscles

65) Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the A) nucleus gracilis. B) nucleus cuneatus. C) motor cortex. D) substantia nigra. E) red nucleus.

D) substantia nigra.

130) The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the A) abducens. B) facial. C) vagus. D) trigeminal. E) glossopharyngeal.

D) trigeminal.

53) The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.

D) vermis.

119) ________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior. A) Dyslexia B) Apraxia C) Aphasia D) Parkinson's disease E) A seizure

E) A seizure

107) Integrative centers of the brain A) receive information from many sensory association areas. B) can impact higher intellectual functions. C) direct motor activities. D) include the Wernicke's area. E) All of the answers are correct.