chapter 15

american anti-slavery society

Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery. By 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters.

the liberator

Antislavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison, who called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves.

william lloyd garrison

Ardent abolitionist that fought against slavery for moral reasons. His influence brought many people to his standard, as well as to oppose him. He created the Anti-Slavery Society. argued for immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves and founded The Liberator

martin delany

Black abolitionist and advocate of relocating freed black ppl to Africa, even visiting West Africa's Niger Valley in search of a suitable location in 1859.

an appeal to the colored citizens of the world

Incendiary abolitionist tract advocating the violent overthrow of slavery. Published by David Walker, a southern-born free black.

gag resolution

Prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals. Driven through the House by pro-slavery Southerners, the gag resolution passed every year for eight years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams.

breakers

Slave drivers who employed the lash to brutally "break" the souls of strong-willed slaves.

amistad

Spanish slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard. The ship was driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial. Former president John Quincy Adams argued their case before the Supreme Court, securing their eventual release.

liberia

West-African nation founded in 1822 as a haven for freed blacks, fifteen thousand of whom made their way back across the Atlantic by the 1860s

why were slaves denied an education

masters believed that reading brought new ideas that might lead to their discontent

pro slavery whites defended the institution of slavery in all of the following ways except - they claimed that slaves were set free once they reached old age - slaveholders said slavery lifted africans from the barbarism of the jungle and gave them christian civilization - slaveholders claimed that master-slave relationships resembled a family - they said that slaves toiled under better working conditions than factory workers and hired hands in the north - they claimed slavery was supported by the bible

they claimed that slaves were set free once they reached old age

all of the following were true of the mountain whites of the southern appalachian's except: - they were generally hostile both to slavery and to the black slaves - they ultimately played a significant role in supporting the confederacy - they were isolated in the valleys of the appalachain range - the mountain whites had little in common w the whites of the flatlands - they were primarily independent small farmers

they ultimately played a significant role in supporting the confederacy

the deep south "black belt" of slavery stretched across all of the following states except - georgia - louisiana - mississippi - alabama - virginia

virginia

david walker

Black abolitionist and author of the incendiary Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, which advocated a bloody end to white supremacy.

sojourner truth

Black abolitionist, preacher, and women's rights activist, who worked tirelessly on behalf of slaves and freed blacks.

nat turner

Black slave and prophet who led a revolt in Virginia in 1831 which killed 60 people (mostly women and children). This scared the Southerners because it was the first really violent action of the slaves. As a result, slave codes were made more strict

west africa squadron

British Royal Navy force formed to enforce the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. It intercepted hundreds of slave ships and freed thousands of Africans.

william wilberforce

British politician who championed the abolition of the slave trade, and later slavery itself. An evangelical Christian, he delivered rousing speeches on the floor of the Commons, galvanizing public support for abolitionist cause.

responsorial

Call and response style of preaching that melded Christian and African traditions. Practiced by African slaves in the South.

slave narratives

Eighteenth and nineteenth century accounts of slavery written by former slaves, most of whom had escaped from bondage. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration recorded oral histories with former slaves, which added to the body of personal testimonies about slavery by the enslaved.

theodore dwight weld

Fervent abolitionist and author of American Slavery as It Is, an antislavery tract that dramatized the horrors of slave life.

william t johnson

Free New Orleans black person, known as the "barber of Natchez," who eventually owned fifteen slaves.

mason-dixon line

Originally drawn by surveyors to resolve the boundaries between Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia in the 1760s, it came to symbolize the North-South divide over slavery.

frederick douglass

Prominent black abolitionist, whose autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, detailed his experience in bondage and his daring escape to the North. More practical than many of his fellow abolitionists, Douglass looked to politics to put an end to slavery. After the Civil War, he continued to write and speak on behalf of blacks, calling on the federal government to help ensure economic independence for newly freed slaves.

american colonization society

Reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa, the organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves.

black belt

Region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves. The "Black belt" emerged in the nineteenth century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded south and west.

nat turner's rebellion

Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the deaths of sixty whites and raised fears among white southerners of further uprisings.

narrative of the life of frederick douglass

Vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowned abolitionist Frederick Douglass

which statement is true of the agitation in the north against the spread of slavery into the new territories in the 1840s and 1850w - it reflected the fact that white northerners often professed to like the race but disliked individual black ppl - it allowed for many free black ppl to become prominent business leaders - it often resulted from the fact that anti-black feeling was in fact frequently stronger in the north than in the south - it considerably improved the economic and social status of northern free black ppl in the 1840s and 1850s - it often grew out of race prejudice, not humanitarianism

it often grew out of race prejudice, not humanitarianism

where did the american colonization society establish a home for freed american slaves

liberia

in opposition to william lloyd garrison, frederick douglass believed that slavery should be ended through what

organizing an anti-slavery political party

which of the following is true about white society in the early 19th century? - european immigrants worked alongside slaves - planter aristocrats represented a small percent of the population - everyone has equal access to a good education - plantation mistresses fought for abolition - the gap between rich and poor was small

planter aristocrats represented a small percent of the population

all of the following were true of family life in slavery along the "black belt" except - there was continuity of family identity across generations - most slaves were raised in stable two-parent households - slave marriage vows included clauses for forced separation - children were named after their grandparents - slaves often married their first cousins

slaves often married their first cousins