Chapter 15 & 16 Test Review

63. The oil and petroleum industries in North Africa

b. pollute rivers and coastal waters by discharging waste into them.

44. Why do some North African countries import much of their food?

b. scarcity of water and arable land

53. Many economies of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion have been slow to develop due to

b. scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.

15. What encourages invasive species that have harmed marine ecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean?

b. the Suez Canal, which provides an entry point for invaders

40. The greatest environmental challenge facing North Africa's growing population is

b. the scarcity of water to feed the growing population.

10. A rift valley is formed by

b. the seperation of tectonic plates.

67. The unique black and pink landforms of the Ahaggar were formed by

b. volcanoes.

1. The biggest factor contributing to the varied levels of economic development across the Eastern Mediterranean subregion is the

c. uneven distribution of natural resources, such as oil and natural gas.

36. Unplanned ________ is a leading cause of increased air pollution across the subregion, in part due to the use of old vehicles and lack of fossil fuel use regulations.

c. urbanization

56. The Jordanian government is actively seeking to improve its management of natural resources by educating people about the country's severe ________ problem.

c. water shortage

5. The prized ________ of Lebanon have been the target of an international campaign to protect them from destruction, but few remain today.

d. cedar forests

43. An interesting feature of the highly salty waters of the Dead Sea is that bathers can

d. float without swimming.

7. What percentage of Egypt's population lives in the Nile Delta or along the Nile River?

d. more than 90 percent

51. Which three economic sectors cause the greatest environmental damage in North Africa?

d. oil production, fishing, and tourism

58. Which water body connects the Eastern Mediterranean nations with the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the south?

d. the Gulf of Aqaba

60. Bedouins are members of a group of nomadic desert people

d. who migrated to North Africa from Southwest Asia.

46. Where is the most abundant vegetation found in North Africa?

c. the coastal and highland areas near mountain ranges

24. Followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have a shared belief in

c. the concept of monotheism.

12. Desalination has limited use in North Africa due to

c. the expenses of building and maintaining desalination

2. What do Tunisia, Morocco, and Libya have in common?

d. They have a mild Mediterranean climate along the coast

23. Under which category do the terms kibbutz and moshav best fit?

d. agriculture

14. Differentiate the climates of coastal and inland subregions of Eastern Mediterranean nations

a. Coastal subregions have a Mediterranean climate, while inland areas have semi-arid steppe and/or arid desert conditions.

32. Which country obtains most of its water supply from surface water?

a. Egypt

37. Identify the major river that has supported agricultural activities in modern-day Syria for nearly 7,000 years.

a. Euphrates

47. What risk does the European Union's 2010 trade agreement with Morocco pose to the environment?

a. Increased trade encourages overfishing, which endangers fish populations.

6. What long-term problem does the Great Man-Made River pose?

a. It is extracting water faster than it is being replaced.

26. What was an effect of the 1947 UN action to divide the former Ottoman and British colony of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state?

a. Jews accepted the plan, forming the independent state of Israel, while Arab Palestinians rejected it.

34. Identify the Eastern Mediterranean nation whose mountainous terrain most extensively effects population distribution and economic activities.

a. Lebanon

57. Which describes a population pattern of the Eastern Mediterranean?

a. Most people live along coastal areas.

18. Why do most people in the Eastern Mediterranean live along the coast?

a. The coastal climate is more moderate than that of inland desert regions, and the land there is more suitable for agriculture due to higher rainfall.

21. How have the nations of the subregion utilized their respective cultural histories to boost their local economies?

a. by promoting tourism

4. The manufacturing output of North African countries

a. increased rapidly after the decline of European control

65. What is the biggest factor that limits agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean?

a. lack of water, due to the dry climate and limited river systems

70. The economy of Libya is based on

a. oil.

22. Which desert feature is a stony plain covered with rocky gravel?

a. reg

16. How are overgrazing and desertification related?

b. overgrazing is a cause of desertification

28. Which statement about desertification is true?

b. Desertification is an increasing problem caused by wind, farming, overgrazing, and loss of vegetation.

41. Which is a negative effect of tourism in North Africa?

b. It requires large quantities of water for swimming pools, hotels, and golf courses.

33. Which religion established the concept of monotheism?

b. Judaism

55. Which country has underground reservoirs of water that were discovered in the mid-1950s?

b. Libya

9. Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that are each over 90 percent Arab, while Israel's population is about 75 percent Jewish. What can you conclude from this data?

b. The population in each of the region's countries is greatly influenced by ethnicity.

20. Why do some countries in North Africa import most of their food needs?

b. Water scarcity makes it impossible to grow enough food for the population.

64. What parts of North Africa receive the most rainfall?

b. coastal areas and highland areas near mountains

42. Due to the drier, more desert-like conditions to the east, the highest population centers of the Eastern Mediterranean are located in/along

b. coastal plains.

17. Nationalism is a belief

b. in the right of a nation to be an independent state.

54. The leading cause of emigration among North Africa's population is North Africa's

b. lack of job opportunities.

69. What practical step could local governments of Eastern Mediterranean countries take to control air pollution?

b. manage urban development

13. An environmental challenge facing the Great Man-Man River is that pumping water near the coast

b. may contaminate quifers with salt water from the sea.

8. Though numerous international organizations and NGOs have proposed projects to address environmental problems in the Eastern Mediterranean, they are not taken seriously because

b. most are underfunded.

66. Which is an example of successful human intervention to protect the environment of the Eastern Mediterranean?

c. reintroduction and legal protection of the Arabian oryx and its habitat

49. About what percentage of the world's known oil reserves are located in the Middle East and North Africa?

c. 60 percent

35. The ethnic and religious composition of the Eastern Mediterranean region, with the exception of Israel, is primarily

c. Arab.

30. The Arab Spring movement of 2010-2011 led to new governments being elected in which countries?

c. Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia

39. Why is French spoken in some countries of North Africa?

c. France colonized parts of North Africa in the 1800s.

31. How has the Aswān High Dam had an adverse effect on human health?

c. It created new ecosystems in which diseases such as malaria flourished.

25. Which country is one of the world's leading exporters of phosphates?

c. Morocco

68. Two deserts of the Eastern Mediterranean include

c. Negev and Syrian.

45. What do overfishing, invasive species, climate change, and agricultural pollution all have in common?

c. They are examples of how human activity impacts the Eastern Mediterranean marine ecosystem.

62. Which statement about the environmental impact of regional oil and petroleum industries is true?

c. Winds can blow oil spills toward land and endanger coastal and marine environments.

38. Generalize the social status trends of women in the Arab nations of the Eastern Mediterranean.

c. Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, but in some instances and regions, they are slowly gaining more rights.

48. The primary reason the Aswān High Dam was built was to

c. control flooding to safeguard the area's residents.

50. Today, most nomads of North Africa

c. have settled in villages and cities.

52. When did North Africa develop an educated middle class and begin following European ideas related to self-rule?

c. in the 1800s

29. Why are some Eastern Mediterranean economies, such as Syria and Jordan, less developed than others, such as Lebanon and especially Israel?

c. lack of economic diversity, uneven distribution of critical natural resources

3. Precipitation in the Eastern Mediterranean falls primarily

c. on the western edge of the region.

59. Which river provides water to all of Syria?

c. the Euphrates

61. Which statement about the desert regions of North Africa is true?

d. Droughts have expanded the Sahara.

After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which European colonial powers divided the Eastern Mediterranean?

d. France and Great Britain

27. The economy of ________ is the most highly diversified among the nations of the subregion.

d. Israel

19. Which body of water separates Africa from Europe?

d. Mediterranean Sea