chapter 15: biomedical therapies
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud believed that many people have anxiety related to id-ego-superego conflicts such as repression of sexual wishes
psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy
Sigmund Freud's legacy carried on today
psychotherapy
an interactive experience with a trained professional, working on understanding behavior thinking, relationships and emotions
group therapy
assembles about six to nine people with related needs into a group, facilitated by the therapist; to work on therapeutic goals together
humanistic therapy
attempts to support personal growth by helping people gain self-awareness and self-acceptance; look at notes
style of client-centered therapist
being non-directive, being genuine, being accepting, being empathetic, showing empathy
psychoanalystic/pyschodynamic therapy
bringing the unconscious to awareness
virtual reality therapy
involves exposure to simulations such as flying (below) or snakes
self-help groups
led my group members instead of therapist; focus is more on support rather than working on goals during session
tardive dyskensia
long-term use of antipsychotics; involuntary movements of facial muscles, tongue and limbs
antidepressant
medication that improves mood and control over depressing and anxious thoughts
antipsychotic
medication that reduces symptoms of schizophrenia, especially hallucinations
antianxiety
medication that temporarily reduces worried thinking and physical agitation
deep brain stimulation
pacemaker that controls implanted electrodes; inhibits activity in a brain area that feeds negative emotions and thinking
drug (medication) therapies
psycho pharmacology refers to the study of drug effects on behavior, mood and the mind
mood stabilizers
reduce the "highs" of mania as well as reduce the depressive "lows"
what is the goal of behavior therapy
reduce wanted responses and to increase wanted repsonses
biomedical therapies
refers to physically changing the brain's functioning by altering its chemistry with medications
what are the three branches of psychoanalysis
resistance, dreams, transference
what are some cognitive therapy techniques
reveal beliefs, test beliefs, change beliefs
dreams
there may be themes or "latent content" behind the plot of a patient's dream
aversive conditioning
when a person has been conditioned to have a positive association with a drug
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
work by blocking the normal reuptake of excess serotonin from synapses
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
works to change both cognitions and behaviors that are part of mental health disorder
improving treatment of mental illness
from throwing away the key, to finding they key
family therapy
having a session with the whole family, at home or in a office, allows the therapist to work on the family system
ADHD stimulants
help control impulses and reduce distractibility and the need for stimulation including fidgeting
Aaron Beck's therapy for depression
helped people see how their depression was worsened by errors in thinking such as catastrophizing (interpreting current events as signs of the worse possible outcome)
cognitive therapy
helps people alter the negative thinking that worsens depression and anxiety
CBT homework
homework is integral to CBT and the goal is to extend the opportunities for cognitive and behavioral change throughout the patient's week
cogntive therapy, changing thoughts
Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, reducing errors and distress
behavior therapy, using conditioning
B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov applied to people
humanistic, client-centered therapy
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
exposure therapy
a conditioned fear can worsen when avoidance of the feared situation gets reinforced by a quick reduction in anxiety
psychosurgery
a lobotomy destroys the connections between the frontal lobes and the rest of the brain
systematic desensitization
beginning with a tiny reminder of the feared situation and continuing to increase the exposure
behavior therapy
changing associations (exposure therapy), or using consequences
cognitive therapies
changing unhelpful beliefs and interpretations
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
controversial; patient was awake --> seizures, unconsciousness --> memory loss; but people felt better
what are different biomedical therapies
drug therapies, brain stimulation, psychosurgery, therapeutic lifestyle change
vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
stimulates a nerve deep in the neck --> electrical device is planted in the chest --> periodically sends signals to the limbic system
inhibiting reuptake
stop sending neuron from taking back its chemical messages before they are received
what are the two versions of exposure therapy
systematic desensitization and virtual reality therapy
transference
the patient may have reactions toward the therapist that are actually based on feelings toward someone from the past
operant conditioning
the shaping of chosen behavior in response to the consequences of the behavior; voluntary
resistance
the therapist notices times when the patient seems blocked in speaking about certain subjects
biomedical therapy
the use of medications and other procedures acting directly on the body to reduce symptoms of mental disorders
psychodynamic therapy
therapist help reveal and resolve the dynamics, and changes in the individual; focus is to improve self-awareness and insight into unconscious
