Chapter 15 InQuizitive

Put the following events in the order that led to the end of Congressional Reconstruction. *presidential victory of Rutherford B. Hayes *passage of the Enforcement Acts *passage of the Public Credit Act *Black Friday

*Passage of the Public Credit Act *Black Friday *Passage of the Enforcement Acts *Presidential victory of Rutherford B. Hayes

Fill in the - Complete the passage describing the changing social circumstances of African Americans that outraged Radical Republicans. - in the South differed between states, but they shared common features such as restricting black - rights by prohibiting them from - against whites and serving on -, as well as enforcing - laws against the recently emancipated black community. *black codes *assembly *vagrancy *juries *community councils *movement *legal *running *testifying *Jim Crow

-Black codes -legal -testifying -juries -vagrancy

Put the following events that led up to the end of Reconstruction in chronological order. -Congress passes the Military Reconstruction Act. -Lincoln is assassinated. -The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified. -Redeemers begin to control southern states. -The black codes are created. -The Compromise of 1877 ends Congressional Reconstruction.

-Lincoln is assassinated. -The black codes are created. -The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified. -Congress passes the Military Reconstruction Act. -Redeemers begin to control southern states. -The Compromise of 1877 ends Congressional Reconstruction.

Put the following Reconstruction events in chronological order. -The Congressional Reconstruction acts are passed. -The Freedmen's Bureau is created. -Lincoln issues the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. -The Civil Rights Act is passed. -Johnson commences his "Restoration" Plan.

-Lincoln issues the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. -The Freedmen's Bureau is created. -Johnson commences his "Restoration" Plan. -The Civil Rights Act is passed. -The Congressional Reconstruction acts are passed.

Identify the five military districts governed by Union generals after the defeat of the Confederacy during the Civil War. -Tennessee -Texas, Louisiana -Arkansas, Mississippi -Alabama, Georgia, Florida -North/South Carolina -Virginia

-Texas, Louisiana -Arkansas, Mississippi -Alabama, Georgia, Florida -North/South Carolina -Virginia -Not Tennessee

Identify the events and groups that contributed to the end of Congressional Reconstruction. -redeemers -Johnson's Reconstruction Plan -Fifteenth Amendment -sharecropping -Compromise of 1877 -Ku Klux Klan -Panic of 1873 -Fourteenth Amendment

Correct answers -Klu Klux Plan -Compromise of 1877 -Panic of 1873 -redeemers Incorrect answers -sharecropping -Fourteenth Amendment -Fifteenth Amendment -Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

What group of people was not protected under the Civil Rights Act of 1866? -Muslim Americans -Native Americans -Jewish Americans -Irish Americans -African Americans

Correct Answers -Native Americans Incorrect Answers -Muslim Americans -Jewish Americans -Irish Americans -African Americans

Strong northern support for Congressional Reconstruction, and specifically the protection of African American civil rights, waned during the Grant administration and afterward. What issues contributed to the shift in northern political priorities? -Indian wars -political controversies over economic issues -the rise of organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan -Grant's opposition to Reconstruction

Correct Answers -The rise of organizations such as the Klu Klux Klan -Political controversies over economic issues -Indian wars Incorrect Answers -Grant's opposition to Reconstruction

Identify all the aspects of the Radical Republicans' stance on Reconstruction. -They consistently argued that southern society should be drastically transformed. -They felt southern Society should be left alone. -They believed that a viable Democratic party in the South was necessary for Reconstruction to succeed.

Correct Answers -They consistently argued that southern society should be drastically transformed. Incorrect Answers -They felt southern Society should be left alone. -They believed that a viable Democratic party in the South was necessary for Reconstruction to succeed.

Identify the significant political repercussions of the contested elections of 1876. -The political will to protect the civil rights of blacks in the South dissipated significantly after the Compromise of 1877. -The Civil War legacy prevented Tilden from protesting Hayes's victory for fear of more war. -Carpetbaggers and scalawags solidified their power in public office across the South. -Hayes ordered federal troops to withdraw from the South, leading to the collapse of Republican governments across the South.

Correct answers -Hayes ordered federal troops to withdraw from the South, leading to the collapse of Republican governments across the South. -The political will to protect the civil rights of blacks in the South dissipated significantly after the Compromise of 1877. -The Civil War legacy prevented Tilden from protesting Hayes's victory for fear of more war. Incorrect answers -Carpetbaggers and scalawags solidified their power in public office across the South.

As the war waned, Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. What were some of the components that made up Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? -It allowed former Rebel states to form Union governments if they met certain requirements. -It incorporated the Wade-Davis Bill. -It excluded Confederate government officials, senior military officers, and congressmen from pardon.

Correct answers -It excluded Confederate government officials, senior military officers, and congressmen from pardon. It allowed former Rebel states to form Union governments if they met certain requirements. Incorrect answers -It incorporated the Wade-Davis Bill.

Describe the status of race relations in the South by the end of Congressional Reconstruction. -Most southern whites still opposed civil rights and social equality for African Americans. -The majority of southern whites were members of the Democratic party. -African Americans enjoyed the full protections of their civil rights in the South following the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. -A few African Americans still remained enslaved.

Correct answers -Most southern whites still opposed civil rights and social equality for African Americans. -The majority of southern whites were members of the Democratic party. Incorrect answers -A few African Americans still remained enslaved. -African Americans enjoyed the full protections of their civil rights in the South following the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

Describe the impact of the Panic of 1873 on Congressional Reconstruction efforts. -Reduced the emphasis northern voters placed on reconstructing the South. -Weakened the national economy. -Had little impact on Reconstruction's Progress. -Created long-term support for greenbacks and permanently eliminated the cause of "hard money" supporters.

Correct answers -Reduced the emphasis northern voters placed on reconstructing the South. -Weakened the national economy. Incorrect answers -Had little impact on Reconstruction's Progress. -Created long-term support for greenbacks and permanently eliminated the cause of "hard money" supporters.

Identify all of the outcomes of the Compromise of 1877. Correct Answer(s) -The election of 1876 had the highest voter turnout in American history. -Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was declared president. -Federal troops were removed from the South -Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was declared president.

Correct answers -Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was declared president. -Federal troops were removed from the South Incorrect answers -The election of 1876 had the highest voter turnout in American history. -Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was declared president.

Identify the ways in which the Civil War impacted the southern economy. -The war abolished the institution of slavery, which was a multibillion-dollar industry in the region. -The war destroyed much of the infrastructure and left many major cities uninhabitable. -Areas of the South unaffected by the war experienced tremendous booms in property values. -The southern cotton, tobacco, and sugar industries required about two decades to return to prewar production levels.

Correct answers -The war abolished the institution of slavery, which was a multibillion-dollar industry in the region. -The war destroyed much of the infrastructure and left many major cities uninhabitable. -The southern cotton, tobacco, and sugar industries required about two decades to return to prewar production levels. Incorrect answers -Areas of the South unaffected by the war experienced tremendous booms in property values.

Describe the legacy of Republican rule in the South during Reconstruction. -left behind few physical reminders of their rule -accomplished a significant number of achievements despite hostile circumstances -primarily marked by corruption and scandal -ensured that southern blacks would permanently enjoy their civil rights

Correct answers -accomplished a significant number of achievements despite hostile circumstances Incorrect answers -left behind few physical reminders of their rule -primarily marked by corruption and scandal -ensured that southern blacks would permanently enjoy their civil rights

Identify the institutions that proved to be essential in easing the transition for many southern blacks from slavery to freedom. -churches -schools -the U.S. military -labor unions

Correct answers -churches -schools -the U.S. military Incorrect answers -labor unions

Identify all the ways the Freedmen's Bureau assisted recently freed slaves in their transition to life outside bondage. -established schools so that former slaves could have the opportunity to learn to read and write -provided health care, clothing, and food to recently freed slaves to help them establish themselves -assisted former slaves in finding family members from whom they had been separated during the course of their enslavement -negotiated labor contracts between freed blacks and white employers in the South -provided legal help to former slaves who wanted to take legal action against their former masters

Correct answers -established schools so that former slaves could have the opportunity to learn to read and write -provided health care, clothing, and food to recently freed slaves to help them establish themselves -assisted former slaves in finding family members from whom they had been separated during the course of their enslavement -negotiated labor contracts between freed blacks and white employers in the South Incorrect answers -provided legal help to former slaves who wanted to take legal action against their former masters

T/F Although most northerners in the postwar South were there to help rebuild the economy, critics referred to them as carpetbaggers, opportunists who came purely to gain political control.

False

T/F During Ulysses S. Grant's two terms as president, Reconstruction remained the dominant political issue for the majority of northern voters.

False

T/F Johnson proved to be a strong supporter of black civil rights throughout his presidency.

False

T/F President Johnson's veto of a bill renewing the Freedmen's Bureau, as well as his criticism of Radical Republican support for black civil rights, did little to drive a wedge between the two wings of the Republican party.

False

After the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, Congress assumed authority over Reconstruction. How did Congressional Reconstruction efforts affect the lives of African Americans in the South? -The majority of politically active blacks became Democrats. -Former slaves began to gain political influence and vote in large numbers. -Black political participation in the South remained as low as it had before the Civil War. -In northern and southern states, black politicians wielded a considerable amount of clout at the state and local level.

Former slaves began to gain political influence and vote in large numbers.

Fill in the -. Congressional Reconstruction in the South enabled the majority of blacks to experience -, but not -. The -of Congressional Reconstruction helped perpetuate the long-standing - against African Americans. While oppressive systems such as sharecropping and -still existed during and after Reconstruction, some of the failures of the Reconstruction Era laid the groundwork for the -nearly a century later. *voter suppression *bans on black literacy *success *implementation *discrimination *freedom *Jim Crow laws *collapse *equality *civil rights movement

Freedom Equality Collapse Discrimination Voter suppression Civil rights movement

What was Johnson's approach to Reconstruction upon assuming the presidency following Lincoln's assassination? -He incorporated elements of the Wade-Davis Bill. -He continued the "Restoration" Plan developed by Lincoln. -He devised a new approach in direct opposition to Lincoln's "Restoration" Plan.

He continued the "Restoration" Plan developed by Lincoln.

Identify the following Reconstruction Plans. Note that some characteristics might belong to two or more plans, while some might not belong to any of the plans. -Johnson's "Restoration" Plan -Lincoln's Wartime Reconstruction Plan -Congressional Reconstruction Plan *forced southern states to create new constitutions that ensured voting rights for African American men *desegregation of public accommodations *readmission to the Union following ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment by the southern states *readmission to the Union for former Rebel states when at least 10 percent of those who voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Union *political equality for black men *established Confederate states as occupied territories governed by Congress

Johnson's "Restoration" Plan -Readmission to the Union following ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment by the southern states. - Lincoln's Wartime Reconstruction Plan -Readmission to the Union for former Rebel states when at least 10% of those who voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Union. - Congressional Reconstruction Plan -Forced southern states to create new constitutions that ensure voting rights for African American men. -Political equality for black men. -Established Confederate states as occupied territories governed by Congress.

Which statement best describes the economic prospects of African Americans in the South during Reconstruction? -They generally found themselves in debt to southern banks as a result of discriminatory lending policies. -Many opted for sharecropping due to lack of money and training. -Their economic futures brightened as a result of land distribution. -The majority of freed slaves became landowners within a decade of the Civil War's end.

Many opted for sharecropping due to lack of money and training.

The question of who within the federal government had authority over Reconstruction was a major source of debate. What was Lincoln's position? -Lincoln did not have a position on Reconstruction before his assassination. -Southern states had never left the Union, so the executive branch had authority over Reconstruction. -Southern states had left the Union, so Congress had authority over them as conquered territories.

Southern states had never left the Union so the executive branch had authority over Reconstruction.

T/F Religious life was significant for African Americans after the Civil War because black churches were the first social institutions that former slaves could control.

True

T/F The chief debate within the federal government over who should direct the Reconstruction of the South was between the executive and legislative branches of government.

True

T/F While Reconstruction did not immediately provide for the full protection of economic opportunities or social equality for African Americans, it did leave behind a constitutional legacy that allowed for future civil rights achievements.

True

Which of the following arguments is best supported by this excerpt from an 1865 Mississippi law on vagrancy? "All freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes in this State, over the age of eighteen years, found on the second Monday in January, 1866, or thereafter, with no lawful employment or business, or found unlawfully assembling themselves together, either in the day or night time ... shall be deemed vagrants, and on conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding ... fifty dollars ... and imprisoned at the discretion of the court ... not exceeding ten days." -White southerners sought to use vagrancy laws to raise money by fining African Americans in response to the reconstruction of the South. -Following the Civil War, few African Americans had lawful employment. -Following the devastation of the Civil War, vagrancy was very common in southern states like Mississippi. -White southerners sought to use vagrancy laws to control African American labor.

White southerners sought to use vagrancy laws to control African American labor.

Identify the outcomes of Congressional Reconstruction that gave birth to a second reconstruction as the civil rights movement in the twentieth century. -Republican party's continued dominance of southern politics over the next century -overwhelming success of Congressional Reconstruction -defeat of the Ku Klux Klan -ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments