Chapter 15
49. Lesions in what structure(s) of the brain produce dyskinesias?
basal nuclei
42. What is a condition associated with paralysis of facial muscles on one side of the face that often disappears spontaneously after 3 to 5 weeks?
bell palsey
72. The structures that help prevent toxins in the blood from reaching the brain make up the _____ _____ _____.
blood brain barrier
11. A person suffers a lesion that results in ataxia and certain sensory and emotional deficits. In what part of the brain did the damage probably occur?
cerebellum
13. What structure does cerebrospinal fluid flow through as it passes from the third to the fourth ventricle?
cerebral aqueduct
69. The ____ ____ is a passageway for cerebrospinal fluid between the third and fourth ventricles.
cerebral aqueduct
67. The spongy mass of blood capillaries called the ____ _____ is found lining the ventricles and is responsible for producing some of the CSF.
choroid plaxus
27. The corpus callosum is composed of
commissural fibers
63. The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a prominent fiber tract called the _____ _____.
corpus callosum
65. The _____ ____ envelops the brain and attaches anteriorly to the crista galli and inferiorly around the foramen magnum.
dura mater
66. The ____ ____ are pockets formed in the dura mater that receive blood that has circulated through the brain.
dural sinuses
51. The ____ nerve supplies taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
facial cnvii
57. If the ____ nerve suffers damage, a person may suffer paralysis of the facial muscles.
facial cnvii
1. Which of the following functions is associated with the limbic system?
feelings of contentment fear or anger
60. The ____ nerve supplies taste from the posterior third of the tongue.
glossopharyngeal cnix
53. The ____, ____, and _____ cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen.
glossopharyngeal cnix vagus cnx and accrddory cnxi
32. Which structure is responsible for creation of long-term declarative memories?
hippocampus
62. The ____ is a brain structure responsible for declarative memory.
hippocampus
37. Which of these functions is not associated with the reticular formation?
hunger
61. The _____ nerve supplies the intrinsic tongue muscles.
hypoglossal cnxii
24. Which structure contains nuclei that regulate body temperature, food intake, and sexual response?
hypothalamus
46. What structure is especially responsible for thermoregulation?
hypothalamus
36. The gray matter of the cerebrum
is found both in the superficial cortex and in deeper basal nuclei
28. Which of the following is not a function of the cerebrospinal fluid?
it helps cool the brain
23. What structure contains nuclei that control coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting?
medulla oblongota
50. Where does the motor portion of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) originate?
medulla oblongota
29. Which of these does not contribute to the blood-brain barrier?
meninges
54. The _____ nerve carries motor fibers for pupil constriction.
oculomotor cniii
43. The cranial nerves responsible for eye movement are
oculomotor trochlear and abducens
64. The ____ nerve carries information about odors via fibers that pass through the cribriform plate.
olfactory cni
56. The ____ nerve carries sensory fibers for sight.
optic cnii
7. The representational hemisphere of the cerebrum would control which of the following functions?
painting a picture
2. The primary somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus is found in what part of the cerebrum?
parietal lobe
41. What condition is associated with decreased production of dopamine?
parkinson disease
9. The ____ contains central pattern generators that help regulate the breathing rhythm.
pons
22. The ability to recall and perform learned motor skills and habits is called
procedural memory
73. Which are large cells that are the output neurons of the cerebrum?
pyramidal cells
39. The substantia nigra
releases dopamine and inhibits unwanted muscle activity
47. What would be the effect of damage to cranial nerve VII (facial)?
sagging facial muscles
30. The primary somatosensory cortex monitors all of the following senses except
smell
14. The dura mater surrounding the brain consists of two layers. Give a functional reason for the fact that there are two layers instead of only one.
spaces between layers collect blood for return to the venous system
3. The hypothalamus plays a role in controlling all of the following except
speech
31. Which cells are found in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, have numerous dendrites, receive sensory input and process information on a local level?
stellate cells
44. Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?
substantia nigra
70. The ____ _____ are midbrain bulges associated with the corpora quadrigemina that function in visually tracking movement.
superior colliculi
21. The lateral sulcus of the cerebrum separates the _____ from the _____.
temporal lobe; parietal lobe
18. Almost all sensory signals pass through the ____ on the way to the cerebrum.
thalamus
8. Cerebrospinal fluid returns to the bloodstream by way of
the arachnoid granulations
5. Unwanted muscle contractions are inhibited by?
the basal nuclei
34. A stroke patient can understand when you tell her to do something but she is not able to produce grammatical, comprehensible speech. What specific area of the brain is damaged?
the broca area
17. Purkinje fibers are giant multipolar neurons of
the cerebellum
10. The right and left cerebral hemispheres are joined mainly by
the corpus callosum
38. Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who suffered an unfortunate accident where a metal rod went through his skull. After the accident he experienced a drastic change in personality. What part of his brain was affected?
the frontal lobe
35. While on a peaceful morning walk, you pass a construction site where a person suddenly starts using a jackhammer. Unconsciously, you turn your head from the noise. This action is due to
the inferior colliculi
26. What part of the brain is most involved with emotion?
the limbic system
12. Definitions of the brainstem differ, but all include
the midbrain
75. Under the microscope, you notice a neuron contains neurofibrillary tangles in its cytoplasm. Considering this, which of the following is also likely?
the neuron has a decreased metabolism
6. Which of the following is most concerned with vision?
the occipital lobe
15. The upper motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are found in
the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum
25. The cerebral cortex concerned with hearing is in
the temporal lobe
19. Your comprehension of these written words involves
the wernicke area
48. What is the function of the middle cerebellar peduncles?
they carry signals between the cerebellum and pons
40. Which condition is associated with neurofibrillary tangles and progressive memory loss?
tic douloureux
59. Branches of the _____ nerve are anesthetized when teeth are worked on at the dentist's office.
trigeminal cnv
55. The superior oblique eye muscles receive motor fibers from the ____ nerve.
trochlear cniv
71. Just deep to the cerebral cortex is white matter.
true
74. The brain normally gets smaller after age 30.
true
58. The ____ nerve originates in the medulla oblongata and supplies autonomic motor fibers to thoracic and abdominal viscera.
vagus cnx
52. The ____ nerve contains sensory fibers for hearing and equilibrium.
vestibulocochlear cnviii
33. There is a "homunculus" on the precentral gyrus. The reason why the hand region of the homunculus is so large relates to the fact that
we have numerous motor units associated with finger movement.
4. What is the function of the inferior colliculi?
auditory reflexes such as startle response to a loud noise
45. You are riding a bicycle in traffic when suddenly you hear the blast of a truck horn right beside you. What part of the brain is especially important in triggering a feeling of fear?
amygdala
68. The spider web-like layer that lies between the dura mater and pia mater is the _____.
arachnoid
16. The white matter of the cerebellum constitutes its
arbor vitae
20. What structures connect one gyrus to another within the same cerebral hemisphere?
association tracts