Chapter 15

49. Lesions in what structure(s) of the brain produce dyskinesias?

basal nuclei

42. What is a condition associated with paralysis of facial muscles on one side of the face that often disappears spontaneously after 3 to 5 weeks?

bell palsey

72. The structures that help prevent toxins in the blood from reaching the brain make up the _____ _____ _____.

blood brain barrier

11. A person suffers a lesion that results in ataxia and certain sensory and emotional deficits. In what part of the brain did the damage probably occur?

cerebellum

13. What structure does cerebrospinal fluid flow through as it passes from the third to the fourth ventricle?

cerebral aqueduct

69. The ____ ____ is a passageway for cerebrospinal fluid between the third and fourth ventricles.

cerebral aqueduct

67. The spongy mass of blood capillaries called the ____ _____ is found lining the ventricles and is responsible for producing some of the CSF.

choroid plaxus

27. The corpus callosum is composed of

commissural fibers

63. The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a prominent fiber tract called the _____ _____.

corpus callosum

65. The _____ ____ envelops the brain and attaches anteriorly to the crista galli and inferiorly around the foramen magnum.

dura mater

66. The ____ ____ are pockets formed in the dura mater that receive blood that has circulated through the brain.

dural sinuses

51. The ____ nerve supplies taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

facial cnvii

57. If the ____ nerve suffers damage, a person may suffer paralysis of the facial muscles.

facial cnvii

1. Which of the following functions is associated with the limbic system?

feelings of contentment fear or anger

60. The ____ nerve supplies taste from the posterior third of the tongue.

glossopharyngeal cnix

53. The ____, ____, and _____ cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen.

glossopharyngeal cnix vagus cnx and accrddory cnxi

32. Which structure is responsible for creation of long-term declarative memories?

hippocampus

62. The ____ is a brain structure responsible for declarative memory.

hippocampus

37. Which of these functions is not associated with the reticular formation?

hunger

61. The _____ nerve supplies the intrinsic tongue muscles.

hypoglossal cnxii

24. Which structure contains nuclei that regulate body temperature, food intake, and sexual response?

hypothalamus

46. What structure is especially responsible for thermoregulation?

hypothalamus

36. The gray matter of the cerebrum

is found both in the superficial cortex and in deeper basal nuclei

28. Which of the following is not a function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

it helps cool the brain

23. What structure contains nuclei that control coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting?

medulla oblongota

50. Where does the motor portion of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) originate?

medulla oblongota

29. Which of these does not contribute to the blood-brain barrier?

meninges

54. The _____ nerve carries motor fibers for pupil constriction.

oculomotor cniii

43. The cranial nerves responsible for eye movement are

oculomotor trochlear and abducens

64. The ____ nerve carries information about odors via fibers that pass through the cribriform plate.

olfactory cni

56. The ____ nerve carries sensory fibers for sight.

optic cnii

7. The representational hemisphere of the cerebrum would control which of the following functions?

painting a picture

2. The primary somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus is found in what part of the cerebrum?

parietal lobe

41. What condition is associated with decreased production of dopamine?

parkinson disease

9. The ____ contains central pattern generators that help regulate the breathing rhythm.

pons

22. The ability to recall and perform learned motor skills and habits is called

procedural memory

73. Which are large cells that are the output neurons of the cerebrum?

pyramidal cells

39. The substantia nigra

releases dopamine and inhibits unwanted muscle activity

47. What would be the effect of damage to cranial nerve VII (facial)?

sagging facial muscles

30. The primary somatosensory cortex monitors all of the following senses except

smell

14. The dura mater surrounding the brain consists of two layers. Give a functional reason for the fact that there are two layers instead of only one.

spaces between layers collect blood for return to the venous system

3. The hypothalamus plays a role in controlling all of the following except

speech

31. Which cells are found in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, have numerous dendrites, receive sensory input and process information on a local level?

stellate cells

44. Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?

substantia nigra

70. The ____ _____ are midbrain bulges associated with the corpora quadrigemina that function in visually tracking movement.

superior colliculi

21. The lateral sulcus of the cerebrum separates the _____ from the _____.

temporal lobe; parietal lobe

18. Almost all sensory signals pass through the ____ on the way to the cerebrum.

thalamus

8. Cerebrospinal fluid returns to the bloodstream by way of

the arachnoid granulations

5. Unwanted muscle contractions are inhibited by?

the basal nuclei

34. A stroke patient can understand when you tell her to do something but she is not able to produce grammatical, comprehensible speech. What specific area of the brain is damaged?

the broca area

17. Purkinje fibers are giant multipolar neurons of

the cerebellum

10. The right and left cerebral hemispheres are joined mainly by

the corpus callosum

38. Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who suffered an unfortunate accident where a metal rod went through his skull. After the accident he experienced a drastic change in personality. What part of his brain was affected?

the frontal lobe

35. While on a peaceful morning walk, you pass a construction site where a person suddenly starts using a jackhammer. Unconsciously, you turn your head from the noise. This action is due to

the inferior colliculi

26. What part of the brain is most involved with emotion?

the limbic system

12. Definitions of the brainstem differ, but all include

the midbrain

75. Under the microscope, you notice a neuron contains neurofibrillary tangles in its cytoplasm. Considering this, which of the following is also likely?

the neuron has a decreased metabolism

6. Which of the following is most concerned with vision?

the occipital lobe

15. The upper motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are found in

the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

25. The cerebral cortex concerned with hearing is in

the temporal lobe

19. Your comprehension of these written words involves

the wernicke area

48. What is the function of the middle cerebellar peduncles?

they carry signals between the cerebellum and pons

40. Which condition is associated with neurofibrillary tangles and progressive memory loss?

tic douloureux

59. Branches of the _____ nerve are anesthetized when teeth are worked on at the dentist's office.

trigeminal cnv

55. The superior oblique eye muscles receive motor fibers from the ____ nerve.

trochlear cniv

71. Just deep to the cerebral cortex is white matter.

true

74. The brain normally gets smaller after age 30.

true

58. The ____ nerve originates in the medulla oblongata and supplies autonomic motor fibers to thoracic and abdominal viscera.

vagus cnx

52. The ____ nerve contains sensory fibers for hearing and equilibrium.

vestibulocochlear cnviii

33. There is a "homunculus" on the precentral gyrus. The reason why the hand region of the homunculus is so large relates to the fact that

we have numerous motor units associated with finger movement.

4. What is the function of the inferior colliculi?

auditory reflexes such as startle response to a loud noise

45. You are riding a bicycle in traffic when suddenly you hear the blast of a truck horn right beside you. What part of the brain is especially important in triggering a feeling of fear?

amygdala

68. The spider web-like layer that lies between the dura mater and pia mater is the _____.

arachnoid

16. The white matter of the cerebellum constitutes its

arbor vitae

20. What structures connect one gyrus to another within the same cerebral hemisphere?

association tracts