Chapter 15 psychology college

Psychological disorder

A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviors

Hopelessness

An expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur and that desired outcome will not occur and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes

Delusions

Belief that is contrary to reality and is firmly held, despite contradictory evidence

Etiology

Cause of causes of a physiological disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

Characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension

Paranoid delusions

Characterized by belief that others are out to harm you

Anxiety disorders

Characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and be related disturbances in behavior

Agoraphobia

Characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficulty to escape or receive help if one experiences a panic attack

Co- morbidity

Co occurrence of two disorders in the same individual

Major depressive disorder

Commonly referred to as depression, characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in activities

Wakefield

Defined psychological disorder as harmful dysfunction

Peripartum onset depression disorder

Depression that involves women who experience an episode of major depression during pregnancy or weeks to child birth

Disorganized thinking

Disjointed and incoherent thought process

Personality disorder

Disorder characterized by an inflexible and pervasive personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of ones culture and causes distress

Narcissistic personality disorder

Disorder in which someone has an inflated sense of self importance

APA (American psychiatric association) definition of a psychological disorder

Disturbance in thought, feelings, behavior, reflects biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunctions, lead to significant distress of disability in ones life, and do not reflect expected of culturally approved responses to certain events

Substance abuse disorder

Drug abuse

Body dysmorphic disorder

Excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearances

Persistent depressive disorder

Experience depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years, sad and melocoly mood

Social anxiety disorder

Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which one could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

Acrophobia

Extreme irrational fear of heights

Claustrophobia

Fear of confined places

Cynophobia

Fear of dogs

Arachnophobia

Fear of spiders

Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

Highly unusual behaviors and movements, repeated and purposeless movement , odd facial expressions and gestures

Rumination

In depression, tend to repeatedly dwell on ones depressed symptoms, their meaning, and their consequence

Borderline personality disorder

Instability in relationships, self Image, mood, intolerance of being alone, unstable relationships, unpredictable mood, and unstable anger

PTSD (Post Traumatic stress disorder)

Involves experiencing a profoundly traumatic event that leads to symptoms of distressing memories, avoidance of the event, negative emotional states, and detachment feelings

Hoarding disorder

Persistent difficulty in parting with possessions, regardless of their value

Catatonic behaviors

Posture, decreases reactively to the environment

DSM

Provides info about comorbidity, the co occurrence of two disorders

Schizophrenia

Sever disorder in which major disturbance in thought, perception emotion, and hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms

Dissociative disorder

Split off from core senses

Mania

State of extreme agitation

Mood disorder

Characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotion

Grandiose delusions

Characterized by the beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

OCD

Characterized by the tendency to experience unwanted and intrusive thoughts and urges or/and the need to engage in repetitional behaviors or mental acts in response to unwanted urges and thoughts

ADHD

Childhood disorder chatacterized by inattentiveness and hyperactive, impulsive behavior

Biological perspective

Views psychological disorders as linked to biological phenomenon, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalance, and brain abnormalities

Simple phobia

(Specific phobia) characterized by the excessive fear of an object or a situation, causes an anxious response

Depersonalizations/derealization disorder

People feel detached the self, and the world feels artificial and unreal

Hallucinations

Perceptual experienced that occur in the absence of external stimulation, such hearing voices

Flight of ideas

Symptoms of mania that involves and abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another

Anti social personality disorder

A lack of regard for others rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeed

Psychosis

A mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality

Dissociative identity disorder

A person exhibits two or more distinct personalities or identities and experience memory gap for the time during which another identity emerges

Panic disorder

Anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self defeating behavior related to the attack

Diagnosis

Appropriately identifying and labeling a defined set of symptoms

Orbitofrontal cortex

Area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision making

Aerophobia

Fear of flying

Phobic disorder

Irrational fears and avoidance of the situations or objects that induce these fears

Specific phobia

Is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a certain object or situation

Safety behaviors

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes

Bipolar disorder

Mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Panic attack

Period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly, symptoms are physiological and psychological

Psychopathology

Study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatments. Manifests of a psychological disorder

Seasonal patttern

Subtype of depression in which a person experienced the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year

Diathesis stress model

Suggest that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress

Historical view of mental illness

Supernatural perspective, a force beyond scientific understanding, black magic, or evil spirits

Dopamine hypothesis

Theory of schizophrenia that proposed that an over abundance of dopamine receptors is responsible for onset of schizophrenia