Chapter 15 psychology college
Psychological disorder
A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviors
Hopelessness
An expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur and that desired outcome will not occur and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes
Delusions
Belief that is contrary to reality and is firmly held, despite contradictory evidence
Etiology
Cause of causes of a physiological disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension
Paranoid delusions
Characterized by belief that others are out to harm you
Anxiety disorders
Characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and be related disturbances in behavior
Agoraphobia
Characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficulty to escape or receive help if one experiences a panic attack
Co- morbidity
Co occurrence of two disorders in the same individual
Major depressive disorder
Commonly referred to as depression, characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in activities
Wakefield
Defined psychological disorder as harmful dysfunction
Peripartum onset depression disorder
Depression that involves women who experience an episode of major depression during pregnancy or weeks to child birth
Disorganized thinking
Disjointed and incoherent thought process
Personality disorder
Disorder characterized by an inflexible and pervasive personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of ones culture and causes distress
Narcissistic personality disorder
Disorder in which someone has an inflated sense of self importance
APA (American psychiatric association) definition of a psychological disorder
Disturbance in thought, feelings, behavior, reflects biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunctions, lead to significant distress of disability in ones life, and do not reflect expected of culturally approved responses to certain events
Substance abuse disorder
Drug abuse
Body dysmorphic disorder
Excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearances
Persistent depressive disorder
Experience depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years, sad and melocoly mood
Social anxiety disorder
Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which one could potentially be evaluated negatively by others
Acrophobia
Extreme irrational fear of heights
Claustrophobia
Fear of confined places
Cynophobia
Fear of dogs
Arachnophobia
Fear of spiders
Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
Highly unusual behaviors and movements, repeated and purposeless movement , odd facial expressions and gestures
Rumination
In depression, tend to repeatedly dwell on ones depressed symptoms, their meaning, and their consequence
Borderline personality disorder
Instability in relationships, self Image, mood, intolerance of being alone, unstable relationships, unpredictable mood, and unstable anger
PTSD (Post Traumatic stress disorder)
Involves experiencing a profoundly traumatic event that leads to symptoms of distressing memories, avoidance of the event, negative emotional states, and detachment feelings
Hoarding disorder
Persistent difficulty in parting with possessions, regardless of their value
Catatonic behaviors
Posture, decreases reactively to the environment
DSM
Provides info about comorbidity, the co occurrence of two disorders
Schizophrenia
Sever disorder in which major disturbance in thought, perception emotion, and hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms
Dissociative disorder
Split off from core senses
Mania
State of extreme agitation
Mood disorder
Characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotion
Grandiose delusions
Characterized by the beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important
OCD
Characterized by the tendency to experience unwanted and intrusive thoughts and urges or/and the need to engage in repetitional behaviors or mental acts in response to unwanted urges and thoughts
ADHD
Childhood disorder chatacterized by inattentiveness and hyperactive, impulsive behavior
Biological perspective
Views psychological disorders as linked to biological phenomenon, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalance, and brain abnormalities
Simple phobia
(Specific phobia) characterized by the excessive fear of an object or a situation, causes an anxious response
Depersonalizations/derealization disorder
People feel detached the self, and the world feels artificial and unreal
Hallucinations
Perceptual experienced that occur in the absence of external stimulation, such hearing voices
Flight of ideas
Symptoms of mania that involves and abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another
Anti social personality disorder
A lack of regard for others rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeed
Psychosis
A mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality
Dissociative identity disorder
A person exhibits two or more distinct personalities or identities and experience memory gap for the time during which another identity emerges
Panic disorder
Anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self defeating behavior related to the attack
Diagnosis
Appropriately identifying and labeling a defined set of symptoms
Orbitofrontal cortex
Area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision making
Aerophobia
Fear of flying
Phobic disorder
Irrational fears and avoidance of the situations or objects that induce these fears
Specific phobia
Is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a certain object or situation
Safety behaviors
Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes
Bipolar disorder
Mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
Panic attack
Period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly, symptoms are physiological and psychological
Psychopathology
Study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatments. Manifests of a psychological disorder
Seasonal patttern
Subtype of depression in which a person experienced the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year
Diathesis stress model
Suggest that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress
Historical view of mental illness
Supernatural perspective, a force beyond scientific understanding, black magic, or evil spirits
Dopamine hypothesis
Theory of schizophrenia that proposed that an over abundance of dopamine receptors is responsible for onset of schizophrenia