Chapter 16-17

The lesson from the novels of Horatio Alger is best summarized by the statement

"Rags to riches"

The steel industry of the late 1800's prospered in all of the following states except

Arkansas

In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of

Geronimo

In the Far West in the 1870s, the largest single Chinese community was located in

San Francisco

Herbet Spencer argued that the society as a whole, and business in particular, benefited when the weak were eliminated and the strongest and fittest were left to prosper. This theroy is called

Social Darwinisim

In the late 1800's, the "new" immigrants to easten cities came from

Southern and eastern Europe

Who did not migrate to the cities after the Civil War?

Southern whites

Which of the following statements regarding Hispanic New Mexico is FALSE?

Taos Indians, allied with Navajo and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847.

During the early 1900's, the term "yellow journalism" referred to

a sensational, often lurid style of reporting

As an alternative to Social Darwinism, Henry George's book Progress and Poverty proposed

a tax on land that would distribute land more equally

The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century

a. destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers. b. was accelerated by Indian tribes who killed large numbers of buffalo to sell to white Americans. c. happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade. d. happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade, destroying the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers. e. All these answers are correct.

The western cattle industry saw Mexican ranchers first develop

a. saddles. b. spurs. c. lariats. d. leather chaps. e. All these answers are correct

In the 1860s, cattle drives from Texas to Missouri

a. saw the herds suffer heavy losses. b. proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets. c. established a link to the booming urban markets of the East. d. both proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets, and established a link to the booming urban markets of the East. e. All these answers are correct.

Railroads contributed to the economic growth of the United States in all of the following ways except

by encouraging diversified control of the transportation industries

Andrew Carnegie rose "from rags to riches" by

cutting cots and prices for his products

In the 1880s, the open range cattle industry declined as a result of

drought

In the late 1800's, most of the foreign immigrants in the cities

established close-knot ethnic communities

In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry?

fur trading

In Edward Bellamy's novel Looking Backward, "nationalism" is defined as

government control and distribution of economic resources

Russel H. Conwell's lecture "Acres of Diamonds" advanced the idea that

great wealth was available to any industrious worker

The outcome of the Pullman strike indicated that the federal government would

intervene on the side of management rather than labor

Th initial development of the steel industry was most significantly aided by the

invention of Bessemer and open-hearth processes

The Sand Creek massacre of 1864

involved the killing of Indian women and children

During the last half of the 1800's, the dramatic industrial growth of the US was caused by except

low tariffs on imports

Mining in the West

produced the region's first economic boom

The Comstock Lode primarily produced

silver

Andrew Carnegie became the major supplier of

steel by using vertical integration to control all aspects of its manufacture

The American Federation of Labor advocated

strikes

In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota

the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred two hundred Indians

The increased employment of women and children in industry was due to

the decreasing need for skilled labor in the factories

The Pulloman strike broke new ground in labor-management relations because

the federal government became involved by sending troops, and issuing an injection

The Knight of Labor was

by definition open to anyone who "toiled"

The Homestead Act of 1862

was expanded by the Timber Culture Act

The town that reigned as the railhead of the cattle kingdom for many years was

Abilene, Kansas

By 1900, the percent of women who were wage earners was

20

The Indian leader who said, "I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever", was

Chief Joseph

Which of the following statements is true regarding western agriculture in the late nineteenth century?

Commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so

The political concept that a "single tax" on land would destroy monopolies, distribute wealth more equally, and eliminate poverty was authored by

Henry George

The Haymarket Square Riot was

an indication to many members of the public that labor was riddled with radicals

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens

The purpose of the Bessemer-Kelly process was to

burn the impurities out of the iron extracted from the power ores

Efforts by the labor unions to gain power were unsuccessful because

many American feared the tactics of the unions and considered them too radical

Women became a greater part of the industrial labor force in post-Civil War America because

many working class families needed more than one income to survive

The Reform Darwinism of men like Lester Frank Ward argued that

men can control their future by using government to wipe out poverty by adjusting the environment to their needs

In the late nineteenth-century, unions had difficulty prospering because

middle-class values heralded individualism and private property, and unions were seen as a threat to these

In the 1840s and 1850s in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese

moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility

Which of the following was NOT a significant source of resentment for the late nineteenth-century farmers?

neighboring farms

Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns

often found work doing domestic tasks

During the 1840s, Hispanics living in California

often lost ownership of their lands

Th philosophy of Social Darwinism promoted the idea of

only the fittest individuals survived in free market place

As Industrial society became dependent on specialized skills and scientific knowledge, chances in

opening of more educational opportunities for women

As a result of the industrialization of the late 1800's, American workers experienced a

rise in the standard of living

In the late nineteenth century, the western agricultural economy

saw the railroad become the most important factor in its development

The Duryea brothers invented the

the first gasoline-driven motor vehicle

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History", Frederick Jackson Turner claimed

the frontier had made Americans a distinctive people

All of the following contributed to the growth of industry in late nineteenth-century in America except

the growth in canal mileage to transport raw materials and finished goods

In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were

the most widespread Indian groups in the West.

After the Civil War, the emergence of the modern corporation was aided by all of the following developments except

the success of pool arrangements among various companies

The philosophy of Social Darwinist appealed to some American businessmen because it justified their belief that

their business tactics were legitimate

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad because

they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept

The 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn

was a short-lived Indian victory

In 1890, the "Ghost Dance"

was a spiritual revival among Plains Indians

The Dawes Act of 1887

was viewed by the United States government as a plan to save the Indians

The steel industry emerged in

western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio

In the late nineteenth century, "range wars" in the West were between

white American ranchers and farmers