chapter 16
define head start program in your own words
a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
define tracking in your own words
a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities
define education in your own words
a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norm
the 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District Columbia set a precedent for _________
access to education
Functionlist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________
all of the above
Define No Child Left Behind Act
an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding
what activities would typify formal education?
attending classes, completing assignments, and following the schedule set by the school
define sorting in your own words
classifying students based on academic merit or potential
which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
conflict theory
which of the following is not a manifest function of education?
courtship
define cultural capital in your own words
cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture
when students have to stand for the pledge of allegiance this is known as _______
cultural transmission
define informal education in your own words
education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society
Public schools must guarantee that ___________.
per-student spending is equitable
conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________.
perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that ________
racial segregation in schools was allowed
Informal education _________________.
refers to the learning of cultural norms
what are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?
resources and money
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.
social placement
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.
social promotion
Key predictors for student success include ____________.
socioeconomic status and family background
what term describes the separation of students based on merit?
sorting
which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
symbolic interactionism
define credentialism in your own words
the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications
define universal access in your own words
the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system
define grade inflation in your own words
the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago
Define formal education in your own words
the learning of academic facts and concepts
What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?
the recruit top teachers
Define hidden curriculum in your own words
the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission
define social placement in your own words
the use of education to improve one's social standing
define cultural transmission in your own words
the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture
conflict theorists see IQ tests are being biased. why?
they reward affluent students with question that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture
what term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scored, previous grades, or perceived ability?
tracking
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________.
transmission of moral education