chapter 16

define head start program in your own words

a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status

define tracking in your own words

a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities

define education in your own words

a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norm

the 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District Columbia set a precedent for _________

access to education

Functionlist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________

all of the above

Define No Child Left Behind Act

an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding

what activities would typify formal education?

attending classes, completing assignments, and following the schedule set by the school

define sorting in your own words

classifying students based on academic merit or potential

which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?

conflict theory

which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

courtship

define cultural capital in your own words

cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture

when students have to stand for the pledge of allegiance this is known as _______

cultural transmission

define informal education in your own words

education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society

Public schools must guarantee that ___________.

per-student spending is equitable

conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________.

perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that ________

racial segregation in schools was allowed

Informal education _________________.

refers to the learning of cultural norms

what are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

resources and money

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.

social placement

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.

social promotion

Key predictors for student success include ____________.

socioeconomic status and family background

what term describes the separation of students based on merit?

sorting

which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

symbolic interactionism

define credentialism in your own words

the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications

define universal access in your own words

the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system

define grade inflation in your own words

the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago

Define formal education in your own words

the learning of academic facts and concepts

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?

the recruit top teachers

Define hidden curriculum in your own words

the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission

define social placement in your own words

the use of education to improve one's social standing

define cultural transmission in your own words

the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture

conflict theorists see IQ tests are being biased. why?

they reward affluent students with question that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture

what term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scored, previous grades, or perceived ability?

tracking

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________.

transmission of moral education