Chapter 16 Biology
large intestine
Absorbs water and forms feces
tight junctions
The intercellular junctions that are found holding cells of the bladder together tightly so the urine cannot leak through the tissues known as?
reticular fibers
Thin, branching fibers of collagen Form delicate, supporting networks Found in spleen, liver
Which statement is true?
Viruses are acellular.
Mastication
chewing (mechanical digestion)
Persistalsis
circulator and longitudally arranged smooth muscle in the lower half of the esophogus begin wave-like contractions
Fibroblasts produce what?
collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
pseudostratified eiliated column
column like irregularly shaped and taped at one end of tall cilia
pseudostratified cilated column
column like irregularly shaped and tapered at one end with tall cilium
tendons and ligaments are considered
connective tissue
systoles
contraction (lup sound)
muscle tissue
contracts to cause movement
osmotic balance
correct concentration of electrolytes across the cell membrane within the body's fluid
cuboidal
cube shaped
cuboidal cells
cube shaped cells
Arterires
deal with blood pressure
dense connective tissue
dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
which statement is true about viral replication?
during attachment, the virus attaches at specific sites on the cell surface.
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
Bolus
enter stomach
4 major types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
food that is swallowed goes to?
esophogus
stratified cells
multiple layers
name the virus that infect bacteria?
none of the above
Adrenalin gland location
on top of the kidney
simple
one layer
viruses are seen as obligate intracellular.
parasites
appendicular skeleton consists of
pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
smooth muscle that is oriented in perpendicular planes of direction (circular or radially arranged smooth muscle and longitudial smooth muscle in the GI tract serves as an important function in digestion. What is the function?
peristaltic contractions
point of articulation
point at which two are more bones meet.
which of the following microscopic subjects we studied that is defined as a pathogenic misfolded peotein which while unable to divide itself, it causes other healthy proteins to misfold and leads to disabling/fatal transmissible spongiform such as cow cow disease
prions
Osmoregulation
process of maintaining salt and water balance
Diastole
relaxation (dupp sound)
the urinary system
responsible for maintaining the internal fluids
Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood?
right
accesory organs
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
2 types of epithelial tissue
simple and stratified
types of epithelial tissue
simple and stratified
Epithelial
simple columanr cells lining the inside of your GI tract which function to absorb nutrients, ions, water and secrets mucus are examples of what tissue
Name the 3 types of muscles
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
3 types of muscles are
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Axial skeleton consists of
skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyboid bone, vertebral column, throaic cage.
Axial skeleton includes
skull, thyroid cage, hyoid bone, vertebrae column
gall bladder
store access bile
elastic fibers (yellow fibers)
stretch and spring back to original shape. found inn vocal cords respirtory passages
elastic (yellow) fibers
stretch spring back to original shape. found in the vocal cords respirtory air passages
skeletal muscle
striated, voluntary, run along the skeletal system, and simple column shaped
Mastification
the act of chewing
stomach
the major site of protein digestion in the body occurs in the
3 types of intercellular junctions that hold cells together in tissues?
tight junction gap junction desmosomes
epithelial tissue
tissue that lies on top of connective tissues, lines the inside of hollow organs, lies on top of the body in the forms of epithermal layers of skin cells
Veins carry blood
toward the heart
auditory ossicles
transmit sound as the sound waves vibrate against the tympanic membrane (your ear drum)
the bladder is part of which organ system of the body?
urinary system
which microscopic subject is defined as a naked strand of RNA that is in an infectious pathogen to plants?
viroids
Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with which type of pathogen?
viruses
Chyme
when food goes down the esophogus and is chemically broken down in stomach into chocolate milk shake consistency
connective tissues
which one is characterized as producing a lot of extracellular matrix, vascular, and typically underlies epithelial tissues.
skeletal muscle function
- provide support to the body and allow for movement - muscles contract - serve as an internal reservoir for calcium - bone marrow produce blood cells
Name 4 common characteristics of all epithelia?
-covers organ and body surface -make up glands -lines cavaties and hollow organs -have a free (apical surface on outside and basement membrane on inside and loose arecolar connective tissue underneath basement membrane
what are 4 common characteristics of connect tissues?
-most abundant tissue type -cells are farther apart than epithermal cells, contains matrix between cells. - bind structures together - store fat
how many circuits do our circulatory system has
2
columnar cells
2 tall and column shaped cells
artery
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
pulmonary artery
Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs
the hollow tube that brings a food bolus down the mouth to the stomach is the?
Esophagus
which three columns are vertebrae seperated into.
Cervical 7 thoraic 12 lumbar 5
hyboid bone
Closely related to mandible and temporal bones The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a movable base for the tongue Aids in swallowing and speech
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue
Homeostasis is defined as
an internal regulatory system that maintains a stable internal enviornment
columanar cells
are column like and taller rather than wide
loose connective tissue
areolar, adipose, reticular
vaccines are usually made by of the wildtype virus by growing it in a laboratory in tissues or temperatures different from what the virus is accustomed to in the Host?
attentuation
liver function within the digestive system to manufacture and help emulsify fat?
bile
liver produce
bile
Homeostasis
body's regulation processes to maintain a stable internal environment
What is homeostasis?
body's regulatory process to maintain a stable internal enviorment.
food that is swallowed is called
bolus
the viral plays a role in attaching a virion to the host cell?
capsid
systemic veins and venules
carry blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide
which of the following is not part of the stomach?
cecum
squamous cells
cells flattened and irregularly shaped like broken lines
squamous
cells that are flat and irregularly shaped like broken lines
Osmolarity of ions across cell membranes is not internally regulated by the cell?
false
What are the three fibers that fibroblasts make and what are they used for?
fibroblasts macrophages mast cells
what are the bones of the vertebrae seperated by?
fibrocartilage discs
duodenum
first part of the small intestine
Collagen fibers are
found in ligaments great tensile and tendon
collagen fibers
found in ligaments great tensile and tendon strength
which of the following statements about virus structure is true?
glycoproteins help the virus attach to the host cell
what are the structures that ensure all the cells that make up tissues don't fall apart?
intercellular junctions
cardiac muscle tissue
involuntary control, straited, possess intercalated disks
smooth muscle tissue
involuntary controlled, unstraited, and spindle shaped
How is peristalsis related to the digestive system?
it is the wave-like smooth muscle structure that are in the esophagus that push food to the stomach
which organ functions to regulate the salt/water concentration in the body as well as helping maintaining a moderate blood pressure
kidney
chyme
leaves stomach
which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
left
parathyroid glands location
located on the pastern of the thyroid gland