Chapter 16 Biology

large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

tight junctions

The intercellular junctions that are found holding cells of the bladder together tightly so the urine cannot leak through the tissues known as?

reticular fibers

Thin, branching fibers of collagen Form delicate, supporting networks Found in spleen, liver

Which statement is true?

Viruses are acellular.

Mastication

chewing (mechanical digestion)

Persistalsis

circulator and longitudally arranged smooth muscle in the lower half of the esophogus begin wave-like contractions

Fibroblasts produce what?

collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

pseudostratified eiliated column

column like irregularly shaped and taped at one end of tall cilia

pseudostratified cilated column

column like irregularly shaped and tapered at one end with tall cilium

tendons and ligaments are considered

connective tissue

systoles

contraction (lup sound)

muscle tissue

contracts to cause movement

osmotic balance

correct concentration of electrolytes across the cell membrane within the body's fluid

cuboidal

cube shaped

cuboidal cells

cube shaped cells

Arterires

deal with blood pressure

dense connective tissue

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

which statement is true about viral replication?

during attachment, the virus attaches at specific sites on the cell surface.

pituitary gland

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Bolus

enter stomach

4 major types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

food that is swallowed goes to?

esophogus

stratified cells

multiple layers

name the virus that infect bacteria?

none of the above

Adrenalin gland location

on top of the kidney

simple

one layer

viruses are seen as obligate intracellular.

parasites

appendicular skeleton consists of

pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

smooth muscle that is oriented in perpendicular planes of direction (circular or radially arranged smooth muscle and longitudial smooth muscle in the GI tract serves as an important function in digestion. What is the function?

peristaltic contractions

point of articulation

point at which two are more bones meet.

which of the following microscopic subjects we studied that is defined as a pathogenic misfolded peotein which while unable to divide itself, it causes other healthy proteins to misfold and leads to disabling/fatal transmissible spongiform such as cow cow disease

prions

Osmoregulation

process of maintaining salt and water balance

Diastole

relaxation (dupp sound)

the urinary system

responsible for maintaining the internal fluids

Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood?

right

accesory organs

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

2 types of epithelial tissue

simple and stratified

types of epithelial tissue

simple and stratified

Epithelial

simple columanr cells lining the inside of your GI tract which function to absorb nutrients, ions, water and secrets mucus are examples of what tissue

Name the 3 types of muscles

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

3 types of muscles are

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Axial skeleton consists of

skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyboid bone, vertebral column, throaic cage.

Axial skeleton includes

skull, thyroid cage, hyoid bone, vertebrae column

gall bladder

store access bile

elastic fibers (yellow fibers)

stretch and spring back to original shape. found inn vocal cords respirtory passages

elastic (yellow) fibers

stretch spring back to original shape. found in the vocal cords respirtory air passages

skeletal muscle

striated, voluntary, run along the skeletal system, and simple column shaped

Mastification

the act of chewing

stomach

the major site of protein digestion in the body occurs in the

3 types of intercellular junctions that hold cells together in tissues?

tight junction gap junction desmosomes

epithelial tissue

tissue that lies on top of connective tissues, lines the inside of hollow organs, lies on top of the body in the forms of epithermal layers of skin cells

Veins carry blood

toward the heart

auditory ossicles

transmit sound as the sound waves vibrate against the tympanic membrane (your ear drum)

the bladder is part of which organ system of the body?

urinary system

which microscopic subject is defined as a naked strand of RNA that is in an infectious pathogen to plants?

viroids

Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with which type of pathogen?

viruses

Chyme

when food goes down the esophogus and is chemically broken down in stomach into chocolate milk shake consistency

connective tissues

which one is characterized as producing a lot of extracellular matrix, vascular, and typically underlies epithelial tissues.

skeletal muscle function

- provide support to the body and allow for movement - muscles contract - serve as an internal reservoir for calcium - bone marrow produce blood cells

Name 4 common characteristics of all epithelia?

-covers organ and body surface -make up glands -lines cavaties and hollow organs -have a free (apical surface on outside and basement membrane on inside and loose arecolar connective tissue underneath basement membrane

what are 4 common characteristics of connect tissues?

-most abundant tissue type -cells are farther apart than epithermal cells, contains matrix between cells. - bind structures together - store fat

how many circuits do our circulatory system has

2

columnar cells

2 tall and column shaped cells

artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs

the hollow tube that brings a food bolus down the mouth to the stomach is the?

Esophagus

which three columns are vertebrae seperated into.

Cervical 7 thoraic 12 lumbar 5

hyboid bone

Closely related to mandible and temporal bones The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a movable base for the tongue Aids in swallowing and speech

small intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

connective tissue proper

loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

Homeostasis is defined as

an internal regulatory system that maintains a stable internal enviornment

columanar cells

are column like and taller rather than wide

loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, reticular

vaccines are usually made by of the wildtype virus by growing it in a laboratory in tissues or temperatures different from what the virus is accustomed to in the Host?

attentuation

liver function within the digestive system to manufacture and help emulsify fat?

bile

liver produce

bile

Homeostasis

body's regulation processes to maintain a stable internal environment

What is homeostasis?

body's regulatory process to maintain a stable internal enviorment.

food that is swallowed is called

bolus

the viral plays a role in attaching a virion to the host cell?

capsid

systemic veins and venules

carry blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

which of the following is not part of the stomach?

cecum

squamous cells

cells flattened and irregularly shaped like broken lines

squamous

cells that are flat and irregularly shaped like broken lines

Osmolarity of ions across cell membranes is not internally regulated by the cell?

false

What are the three fibers that fibroblasts make and what are they used for?

fibroblasts macrophages mast cells

what are the bones of the vertebrae seperated by?

fibrocartilage discs

duodenum

first part of the small intestine

Collagen fibers are

found in ligaments great tensile and tendon

collagen fibers

found in ligaments great tensile and tendon strength

which of the following statements about virus structure is true?

glycoproteins help the virus attach to the host cell

what are the structures that ensure all the cells that make up tissues don't fall apart?

intercellular junctions

cardiac muscle tissue

involuntary control, straited, possess intercalated disks

smooth muscle tissue

involuntary controlled, unstraited, and spindle shaped

How is peristalsis related to the digestive system?

it is the wave-like smooth muscle structure that are in the esophagus that push food to the stomach

which organ functions to regulate the salt/water concentration in the body as well as helping maintaining a moderate blood pressure

kidney

chyme

leaves stomach

which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

left

parathyroid glands location

located on the pastern of the thyroid gland