Chapter 16 (Disorders in Immunity) Superset
Please order the following choices to reflect the mechanism and development of an immediate (Type I) allergic reaction. A. Individual is exposed to a sensitizing dose of an allergen. B. Individual experiences allergy symptoms. C. cells produce IgE directed against the allergen. D. IgE coats (sensitizes) mast cells and basophils. E. A provoking exposure to the allergen occurs and mast cells and basophils degranulate releasing histamine and other allergic mediators
A, C, D, E, B
Please order the following steps in the development of contact dermatitis. A: A sensitizing exposure to the antigen occurs, in which Langerhan's cells take up and process the antigen. B: After 24-48 hours, the individual develops a rash at the site of exposure, typified by intensely itching blisters which may last for up to 10 days. C: TH1 cell populations are presented antigen by the Langerhan's cells and selected specific TH1 cells proliferate. D: Previously expanded T cell populations respond by releasing inflammatory cytokines and attracting and recruiting other effector cells. E: A provoking exposure to the antigen occurs.
A,C, E, D, B
An exaggerated, misdirected expression of immune responses to an allergen
Allergy/hypersensitivity
A tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical.
Allograft
A systemic, often explosive reaction that involves airway obstruction and circulatory collapse
Anaphylaxis
In what disease does IgE becomes bound to mast cells in places such as respiratory tract mucosa. Encountering the allergen again leads to mast cell degranulation with release of primary mediators (such as histamine, serotonin) which cause vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, etc. and release of secondary mediators (such as leukotrienes, prostaglandin) which lead to inflammatory cell infiltrates.
Anaphylaxis
B blood type has what antibody present
Anti-A
O blood type has what antibodies present?
Anti-A and anti-b
A blood type has what antibody present
Anti-b
Which hypersensitivity is a reaction involving IgG and IgM antibodies which target cells and activate complement, which in turn lyses host cells
Antibody-mediated
What drugs are used to block the action of mast cells, lymphocytes and chemical mediators for allergies?
Antihistamines
Any chronic local allergy such as hay fever or asthma
Atopy
A graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual's body
Autograft
Abnormal responses to self
Autoimmunity
B blood type has what antigen present
B
Cell-mediated reactions: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
B
Epinephrine: A. is an antihistamine B. reverses constriction of airways C. causes desensitization D. inhibits the activity of lymphocytes E. all of the choices are correct
B
The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when: A. maternal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- fetus B. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother C. maternal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ fetus D. fetal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ mother E. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh+ mother
B
The serum of a person with blood type A, Rh- will have which of the following? A. anti A, anti Rh B. anti B, anti Rh C. anti A D. anti B E. anti A, anti B, anti Rh
B
Theoretically, type _______ blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks _____. a. AB, antibodies b. O, antigens c. AB, antigens d. O, antibodies
B
Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called an _____. A. isograft B. autograft C. allograft D. xenograft E. none of the choices are correct
B
What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters that body for a second time? A. degranulation B. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. histamine acts on smooth muscle E. prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
B
When grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes what could result? A. host rejection of graft B. graft versus host disease C. formation of autoantibodies D. hypogammaglobulinemia E. none of the choices are correct
B
person with O type blood: A. lacks all the alleles for ABO blood type B. lacks A and B antigens C. could not have the Rh factor D. is called a universal recipient E. all of the choices are correct
B
All of the following are involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity except: A. IgM B. IgG C. IgE D. complement E. foreign cells
C
Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an: A. autoimmune disease B. immunodeficiency C. hypersensitivity D. transfusion reaction E. desensitization
C
Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen? A. ingestant B. inhalant C. injectant D. contactant E. none of the choices are correct
C
Isograft: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
C
The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of: A. autoantibodies B. delayed hypersensitivity C. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland D. failure of B cell development and maturity E. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
C
The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is: A. prostaglandin B. histamine C. leukotriene D. serotonin E. platelet-activating factor
C
The contact with allergens that results in symptoms is called the: a. sensitizing dose b. degranulation dose c. provocative dose d. desensitizing dose
C
The direct, immediate cause of allergic symptoms is the action of: a. the allergens directly on smooth muscle b. the allergen on B lymphocytes c. allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils d. IgE on smooth muscle
C
Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a _____ hypersensitivity. A. T-cell mediated B. Antibody mediated C. Immune complex mediated D. Immediate E. Both T-cell mediated and Antibody mediated
D
B cells are responsible for which allergies? a. asthma b. anaphylaxis c. tuberculin reactions d. both a & b
D
Erythroblastosis fetalis: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
D
Pollen is which type of allergen? a. contactant b. ingestant c. injectant d. inhalant
D
Production of autoantibodies may be due to: a. emergence of forbidden clones of B cells b. production of antibodies against sequestered tissues. c. infection-induced change in receptors d. all of these are possible
D
Rheumatoid arthritis is an _______ that affects the _______. a. immunodeficiency disease, muscles b. autoimmune disease, nerves c. allergy, cartilage d. autoimmune disease, joints
D
The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are: A. Type 1 only B. Type 1 and Type 4 C. Type 4 only D. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 E. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4
D
Type II hypersensitivities are due to: a. IgE reacting with mast cells b. activation of cytotoxic T cells c. IgG-allergen complexes that clog epithelial tissues d. complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies
D
Which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology? a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia b. SCID c. ADA deficiency d. DiGeorge syndrome
D
Which hypersensitivity is a reaction mediated by T cells and the effector cells enlisted by them. Generally, this reaction takes a day or two to develop after exposure to the provoking antigen
Delayed
Anaphylaxis: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
E
Contact dermatitis involves: A. a sensitizing and provocative dose B. allergen entering the skin C. T lymphocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines D. itchy papules and blisters E. all of the choices are correct
E
IgG is involved with which hypersensitivities A. Anaphylaxis B. Antibody mediated C. Immune complex medieatd D. Both Anaphylaxis and Antibody mediated E. Both Antibody mediated and Immune complex mediated
E
Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occur in: A. serum sickness B. delayed hypersensitivity C. anaphylaxis D. hemolytic disease of the newborn E. all of the choices are correct
E
Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to: A. autoantibodies B. delayed hypersensitivity C. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland D. failure of B cell development and maturity E. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
E
Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause: A. recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs B. fever and anemia C. systemic shock and kidney failure D. massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs E. all of the choices are correct
E
Which of the following is not a possible symptom of Type I hypersensitivity? A. rhinitis B. rashes C. sneezing D. diarrhea E. contact dermatitis
E
SCID: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
F
A person who is Rh- will have anti Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy. T/F
False
A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of antibody-mediated inflammation.
False
Contact dermatitis can be caused by proteins found in foods. T/F
False
DiGeorge syndrome: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
G
Which autoimmune disease has autoantibodies against TSH receptors on thyroid tissue
Graves disease
What disease happens when an Rh- mother has antibodies present against an Rh+ baby and occurs in the 2nd exposure?
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
This compound is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues. It increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues.
Histamine
Which hypersensitivity is an acute reaction to an allergen mediated by IgE, mast cells, basophils, and histamine
Immediate
Which hypersensitivity is mediated by IgG antibody-antigen complexes, which are deposited in basement membranes of some organs and invoke an inflammatory response
Immune complex
Deficiency or loss of immunity
Immunodeficiency
The study of disease states associated with underactivity and overactivity of the immune response
Immunopathology
A graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical
Isograft
Which autoimmune disease has T cells and autoantibodies destroy the myelin sheath of many nerves
Multiple sclerosis
O blood has what antigen present
Neither A or B
AB blood type has antibodies present?
None
Immunodeficiency diseases that are congenital (present at birth) and genetic in origin are referred to as _______ immunodeficiency diseases whereas those that are acquired during an individual's lifetime and are not genetic in origin are referred to as _______ immunodeficiency diseases.
Primary, secondary
Which autoimmune disease has autoantibodies directed against streptococci cross react with heart tissue
Rheumatic fever
Which autoimmune disease has autoantibodies against antibodies, often deposited in basement membrane of joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which autoimmune disease is characterized by numerous autoantibodies against red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, clotting factors, and nuclear DNA
Systemic lupus erythematosus
A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species. T/F
True
Antibody-mediated degranulation of mast cells is involved in anaphylaxis. T/F
True
During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells. T/F
True
Rejection of transplanted tissue is dependent on MHC/HLA markers. T/F
True
Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death. T/F
True
T cells are associated with type IV allergies. T/F
True
Anaphylaxis, asthma and allergies are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?
Type 1
Immediate hypersensitivity is what type?
Type 1
In what hypersensitivity are B-cells are stimulated (by CD4+TH2 cells) to produce IgE antibodies specific to an antigen.
Type 1
Which autoimmune disease involves destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas by autoantibodies
Type 1 Diabetes
Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity is also known as?
Type 2
Blood group incompatibility, myasthemia gravis and hemolytic disease of the newborn are examples of what hypersensitivity?
Type 2
What hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies acting on cells with complement and causing cell lysis
Type 2
Serum sickness, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus are examples of what hypersensitivity?
Type 3
This hypersensitivity is the reaction of soluble antigen with IgG antibodies and the deposition of the resulting complexes in basement membranes of epithelial tissues?
Type 3
This hypersensitivity occurs when there is an excess of antigen, leading to small immune complexes being formed that fix complement and are not cleared from the circulation.
Type 3
What hypersensitivity is also known as Immune complex hypersensitivity?
Type 3
These hypersensitivity reactions are inflammatory reactions initiated by mononuclear leukocytes. These reactions are mediated by T cells and monocytes/macrophages rather than by antibodies. They are also termed type IV hypersensitivity reactions.
Type 4
What hypersensitivity is also known as delayed hypersensitivity?
Type 4
What hypersensitivity is the tuberculin test, contact dermatitis and graft rejection?
Type 4
A tissue graft or organ transplant from a donor of a different species from the recipient.
Xenograft
A cellular process that releases antimicrobial cytotoxic or other molecules from secretory vesicles called granules found inside some cells.
degranulation
A blood type has what antigen present
A
A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is: A. AIDS B. adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency C. DiGeorge syndrome D. agammaglobulinemia E. Type I diabetes
A
Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing: A. desensitization B. sensitization C. tissue matching D. degranulation E. none of the choices are correct
A
An example of a type III immune complex disease is: a. serum sickness b. contact dermatitis c. graft rejection d. atopy
A
Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category: A. Type 1 only B. Type 1 and Type 4 C. Type 4 only D. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 E. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4
A
Histamine causes all the following except: A. increased sensitivity to pain B. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine C. relaxes vascular smooth muscle D. wheal and flare reaction in skin E. pruritis and headache
A
Mast Cells: a) histamine b) type IV hypersensitivity c) identical twins d) Rh incompatibility e) type I allergic reaction f) both B & T cells defective g) T cell defect
A
The initial encounter with an allergen is called the: A. sensitizing dose B. provocative dose C. allergic dose D. hypersensitivity dose E. desensitizing dose
A
Ab blood has what antigen present
A and B
