chapter 16 hw bio 204

____ is defined as a localized allergic reaction classified as type I involving IgE antibody; includes symptoms of hay fever, asthma, and skin rash

Atopy

___ ___ is a birth defect usually caused by a missing or incomplete thymus gland that results in abnormally low or absent T cells and other developmental abnormalities

DiGeorge syndrome

which of the following is NOT a common gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy and what IS

IS - vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain NOT- anaphylaxis (is only occasionally seen in GI symptoms of food allergies)

___ is the class of antibodies associated with type I allergies

IgE

___ is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland that damages the thyroid follicle cells and results in decreased production of the thyroid hormone thyroxin

hashimoto's thyroiditis

allergens that enter through the mouth are called ___, while allergens that enter through the respiratory tract are called ___.

ingestants, inhalants

allergens that trigger allergic reactions following entry through the respiratory tract are called ____

inhalants

a chemical mediator involved in allergic reactions, also known as the "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis" is ____

leukotriene

which of the following are leukocytes that bind IgE and contain cytoplasmic granules with the mediators of anaphylaxis and atopy?

mast cells and basophils

which of the following are potential mild and severe symptoms of anaphylaxis?

sneezing prostration difficulties breathing convulsions itching

an allergy skin test is a useful in ___ method for detecting allergy

vivo ( in vivo refers to testing conducted on live tissue in the person, rather than in the lab)

cutaneous anaphylaxis

wheal and flare inflammatory reaction to the local infection of allergen

a(n) ___ is a foreign substance that provokes an allergic response

allergen

which of the following is an in vivo method for detecting allergy?

allergen injections into skin

a form of atopic allergy marked by seasonal acute inflammation of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes of the respiratory passages is known as ___

allergic rhinitis

a(n) ___ is an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation.

allergy

a(n) ____ to a drug is one of the most common side effects of medical treatment

allergy

hypersensitivity type I mechanism of action

allergy and anaphylaxis

relatively compatible tissue exchange between nonidentical members of the same species is called a(n) ____.

allograft

which of the following is the term used to describe a severe allergic reaction that can lead to severe respiratory and cardiac complications?

anaphylaxis

which of the following commonly involve type I allergies?

anaphylaxis asthma drug allergy hay fever eczema food allergy

which of the following are allergens most often implicated in systemic anaphylaxis?

antibiotic injections bee venom

___ is a drug that counters the action of histamine and is useful in allergy treatment

antihistamine

hypersensitivity type IV mechanism of action

cell mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity

___ is a therapeutic exposure to known allergens designed to build tolerance and eventually prevent allergic reaction

desensitization

a transplant between identical twins is called a (n)

isograft

a condition in which T cells in transplanted tissue mount an immune response against the recipients (host) normal tissue is called ___

graft vs. host disease

systemic ___ erythematosus is a chronic autoimmunity where immune complexes are deposited into the basement membranes of various organs

lupus

because most B cell based immunodeficiencies are X-linked traits, they occur more often in ___.

male children

although about 30% of the human population are prone to allergies, the symptoms of the majority of type I allergies are relatively ____

mild

which of the following is an autoimmune disease associated with destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding CNS neurons?

multiple sclerosis

a systemic autoimmune disease that results in progressive, debilitating damage to the joints is known as ____.

rheumatoid arthritis

the ___ dose is the initial exposure to an allergen that stimulates an immune response

sensitizing

____ immunodeficiency involves serious dysfunction in both T and B lymphocyte systems

severe combined

systemic anaphylaxis

sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal within minutes

sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal is called ___ anaphylaxis

systemic

which of the following test are used to avert graft rejection?

HLA tissue typing mixed lymphocyte reaction ABO blood typing

___ is a respiratory disease characterized by episodes of impaired breathing due to severe bronchoconstriction.

asthma

___ , histamine, and possibly serotonin are potent vasodilators released from IgE-coated basophils and mast cells during anaphylaxis

bradykinin

____ is the absence of antibodies in serum.

agammaglobulinemia

transplanted tissue from one identical twin to the other is called a(n) ____

isograft

____ is a chemical mediator that inhibits central nervous system activity and stimulates smooth muscle. its role in human allergy is still under investigation but it is believed to complement the effects of histamine

serotonin

a second encounter with an allergen would result in which of the following events?

signs/symptoms appear mast cells degranulate massive amounts of cytokines are released allergen binds to IgE on mast cells

the transfer of a tissue or an organ from an animal of one species to a recipient of another species is called a(n) ___

xenograft

the four ways in which secondary immune deficiency diseases are acquired are ____

1. infection 2. organic disease 3. chemotherapy 4. radiation

a bone marrow donor donates about ___ milliliters of bone marrow

500-800

the aim of allergy medications is to block the allergic response somewhere along the route between the production of ___ antibodies and the appearance of symptoms

IgE

hypersensitivity type II mechanism of action

IgG and IgM - mediated tissue destruction

___ is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies blocking the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Myasthenia gravis

a dysfunctional ___ cell line is usually more devastating than a defective ___ cell line

T ; B because T helper cells are required to assist in most specific immune reactions

a(n) ____ is the specific term for tissue or organ surgically transplanted to another site on the same subject

autograft

mast cells and ___ are leukocytes that binds IgE and contains cytoplasmic granules with the mediators of anaphylaxis and atopy.

basophils

___ (skin) anaphylaxis is the wheal and flare reaction to the localized injection of an allergen

cutaneous

a disease involving a dysfunction in insulin production due to damage of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas by T cells is ____

diabetes mellitus

the following are methods used to prevent type I allergic reactions

drug therapy hyposensitization therapy avoiding the allergen desensitization therapy

atopic dermatitis or ___ is an acute or chronic allergy of the skin associated with itchy, red, scaly lesions.

eczema

___ ___ is a malfunction of the thyroid gland in which autoantibodies directed at thyroid cells stimulate an overproduction of thyroid hormone

graves' disease

___ is the most profuse and fastest-acting mediator of allergy, its effects include smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, and increased mucus secretion.

histamine

hypersensitivity type III mechanism of action

immune complex reactions

allergies can be diagnosed by ___ methods

in vivo and in vitro

a(n) ___ is a hormone-like substance that regulates many body functions and is involved in type I reactions by affecting nerve cells, bronchioles and blood vessels.

prostaglandin

___ are more allergenic than other macromolecules

proteins