chapter 16 hw bio 204
____ is defined as a localized allergic reaction classified as type I involving IgE antibody; includes symptoms of hay fever, asthma, and skin rash
Atopy
___ ___ is a birth defect usually caused by a missing or incomplete thymus gland that results in abnormally low or absent T cells and other developmental abnormalities
DiGeorge syndrome
which of the following is NOT a common gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy and what IS
IS - vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain NOT- anaphylaxis (is only occasionally seen in GI symptoms of food allergies)
___ is the class of antibodies associated with type I allergies
IgE
___ is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland that damages the thyroid follicle cells and results in decreased production of the thyroid hormone thyroxin
hashimoto's thyroiditis
allergens that enter through the mouth are called ___, while allergens that enter through the respiratory tract are called ___.
ingestants, inhalants
allergens that trigger allergic reactions following entry through the respiratory tract are called ____
inhalants
a chemical mediator involved in allergic reactions, also known as the "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis" is ____
leukotriene
which of the following are leukocytes that bind IgE and contain cytoplasmic granules with the mediators of anaphylaxis and atopy?
mast cells and basophils
which of the following are potential mild and severe symptoms of anaphylaxis?
sneezing prostration difficulties breathing convulsions itching
an allergy skin test is a useful in ___ method for detecting allergy
vivo ( in vivo refers to testing conducted on live tissue in the person, rather than in the lab)
cutaneous anaphylaxis
wheal and flare inflammatory reaction to the local infection of allergen
a(n) ___ is a foreign substance that provokes an allergic response
allergen
which of the following is an in vivo method for detecting allergy?
allergen injections into skin
a form of atopic allergy marked by seasonal acute inflammation of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes of the respiratory passages is known as ___
allergic rhinitis
a(n) ___ is an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation.
allergy
a(n) ____ to a drug is one of the most common side effects of medical treatment
allergy
hypersensitivity type I mechanism of action
allergy and anaphylaxis
relatively compatible tissue exchange between nonidentical members of the same species is called a(n) ____.
allograft
which of the following is the term used to describe a severe allergic reaction that can lead to severe respiratory and cardiac complications?
anaphylaxis
which of the following commonly involve type I allergies?
anaphylaxis asthma drug allergy hay fever eczema food allergy
which of the following are allergens most often implicated in systemic anaphylaxis?
antibiotic injections bee venom
___ is a drug that counters the action of histamine and is useful in allergy treatment
antihistamine
hypersensitivity type IV mechanism of action
cell mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity
___ is a therapeutic exposure to known allergens designed to build tolerance and eventually prevent allergic reaction
desensitization
a transplant between identical twins is called a (n)
isograft
a condition in which T cells in transplanted tissue mount an immune response against the recipients (host) normal tissue is called ___
graft vs. host disease
systemic ___ erythematosus is a chronic autoimmunity where immune complexes are deposited into the basement membranes of various organs
lupus
because most B cell based immunodeficiencies are X-linked traits, they occur more often in ___.
male children
although about 30% of the human population are prone to allergies, the symptoms of the majority of type I allergies are relatively ____
mild
which of the following is an autoimmune disease associated with destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding CNS neurons?
multiple sclerosis
a systemic autoimmune disease that results in progressive, debilitating damage to the joints is known as ____.
rheumatoid arthritis
the ___ dose is the initial exposure to an allergen that stimulates an immune response
sensitizing
____ immunodeficiency involves serious dysfunction in both T and B lymphocyte systems
severe combined
systemic anaphylaxis
sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal within minutes
sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal is called ___ anaphylaxis
systemic
which of the following test are used to avert graft rejection?
HLA tissue typing mixed lymphocyte reaction ABO blood typing
___ is a respiratory disease characterized by episodes of impaired breathing due to severe bronchoconstriction.
asthma
___ , histamine, and possibly serotonin are potent vasodilators released from IgE-coated basophils and mast cells during anaphylaxis
bradykinin
____ is the absence of antibodies in serum.
agammaglobulinemia
transplanted tissue from one identical twin to the other is called a(n) ____
isograft
____ is a chemical mediator that inhibits central nervous system activity and stimulates smooth muscle. its role in human allergy is still under investigation but it is believed to complement the effects of histamine
serotonin
a second encounter with an allergen would result in which of the following events?
signs/symptoms appear mast cells degranulate massive amounts of cytokines are released allergen binds to IgE on mast cells
the transfer of a tissue or an organ from an animal of one species to a recipient of another species is called a(n) ___
xenograft
the four ways in which secondary immune deficiency diseases are acquired are ____
1. infection 2. organic disease 3. chemotherapy 4. radiation
a bone marrow donor donates about ___ milliliters of bone marrow
500-800
the aim of allergy medications is to block the allergic response somewhere along the route between the production of ___ antibodies and the appearance of symptoms
IgE
hypersensitivity type II mechanism of action
IgG and IgM - mediated tissue destruction
___ is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies blocking the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Myasthenia gravis
a dysfunctional ___ cell line is usually more devastating than a defective ___ cell line
T ; B because T helper cells are required to assist in most specific immune reactions
a(n) ____ is the specific term for tissue or organ surgically transplanted to another site on the same subject
autograft
mast cells and ___ are leukocytes that binds IgE and contains cytoplasmic granules with the mediators of anaphylaxis and atopy.
basophils
___ (skin) anaphylaxis is the wheal and flare reaction to the localized injection of an allergen
cutaneous
a disease involving a dysfunction in insulin production due to damage of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas by T cells is ____
diabetes mellitus
the following are methods used to prevent type I allergic reactions
drug therapy hyposensitization therapy avoiding the allergen desensitization therapy
atopic dermatitis or ___ is an acute or chronic allergy of the skin associated with itchy, red, scaly lesions.
eczema
___ ___ is a malfunction of the thyroid gland in which autoantibodies directed at thyroid cells stimulate an overproduction of thyroid hormone
graves' disease
___ is the most profuse and fastest-acting mediator of allergy, its effects include smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, and increased mucus secretion.
histamine
hypersensitivity type III mechanism of action
immune complex reactions
allergies can be diagnosed by ___ methods
in vivo and in vitro
a(n) ___ is a hormone-like substance that regulates many body functions and is involved in type I reactions by affecting nerve cells, bronchioles and blood vessels.
prostaglandin
___ are more allergenic than other macromolecules
proteins