Chapter 16: Marriage and Family

__________ requires that people marry outside the group. a. Exogamy b. Endogamy c. Matriarchy d. The family of orientation

a. Exogamy

Clarence's grandparents lived with him and his mom and dad in the same house, on the top floor. The family Clarence lived in was a(n) __________. a. extended family b. household c. nuclear family d. blended family

a. extended family

People who share an apartment by definition live in the same __________. a. household b. family of procreation c. system of descent d. marriage

a. household

A dramatic shift in what Americans perceived to be the ideal family size occurred in the __________. a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1970s d. early 2000s

c. 1970s

The racial-ethnic group in the United States with the lowest divorce rate is __________. a. Asian Americans b. African Americans c. Native Americans d. Latinos

a. Asian Americans

A society in which women hold the authority would be a(n) __________. a. patriarchy b. bilineal system c. matriarchy d. egalitarian society

c. matriarchy

The __________ prohibits sex and marriage among designated relatives. a. incest taboo b. nuclear family c. patrilineal system d. family of procreation

a. incest taboo

What is romantic love? How does it begin?

Romantic love can be defined as mutual sexual attraction and idealized feelings about one another. It usually begins with sexual attraction.

In a "blended family," __________. a. members were once part of other families b. members are necessarily interracial c. first-generation immigrants must come to the United States d. extended family members of at least three generations live in the household

a. members were once part of other families

A typical lie made by potential mates on an online dating site is __________. a. men saying they are taller than they are b. women saying they weigh more than they do c. men saying they are shorter than they are d. women saying they are friendlier than they are

a. men saying they are taller than they are

Males hold the authority in a(n) __________ society. a. patriarchal b. egalitarian c. household d. matriarchal

a. patriarchal

In terms of size, most Americans think a __________ family with __________ children is best. a. small; zero, one, or two b. medium-sized; three to four c. large; five to seven d. really large; eight or more

a. small; zero, one, or two

The risk of divorce is decreased among couples __________. a. who have a religious affiliation b. whose parents are divorced c. who drop out from high school d. who have a baby before they get married

a. who have a religious affiliation

Brothers and sisters or parents and children engaging in sexual relations are engaging in __________. a. rape b. incest c. intimacy rape d. battering

b. incest

When a social group does not think of children as being related to their mother's relatives, that group follows a(n) __________ system. a. matrilineal b. patrilineal c. incest taboo d. egalitarian

b. patrilineal

A person grows up in his or her __________. a. family of procreation b. extended family c. family of orientation d. imaginary family

c. family of orientation

Ying lives in China and does not know anything about her biological father's side of the family. Evidently, she is living within a __________ system, where descent is traced only on the mother's side. a. patrilineal b. bilineal c. matrilineal d. egalitarian

c. matrilineal

Celeste had been married before—twice. She was thrilled by the prospect of her upcoming marriage to Caldwell, which would be her third marriage and Caldwell's second. These are two of the __________ of Americans getting married who are not saying "I do" for the first time. a. miniscule number b. almost a quarter c. nearly half d. majority

c. nearly half

A wife, her husband, and their two children make up what kind of family? a. Extended household b. Extended family c. Nuclear family d. Polygynous family

c. nuclear family

Calculating statistics on divorce is complicated by __________. a. a lack of data to base them on b. the rarity of divorce c. people who remarry d. differing meanings of "divorce"

c. people who remarry

"Homogamy" refers to __________. a. the marriage of people with contrasting characteristics b. gay men c. the marriage of people who are similar to each other d. interracial marriage

c. the marriage of people who are similar to each other

Children adjust better to divorce if __________. a. the parent they live with is not making a good adjustment to the divorce b. their routines are varied c. they have another adult they can turn to d. they experience a great deal of conflict

c. they have another adult they can turn to

The state in the United States with the highest divorce rate is __________. a. Maine b. California c. New York d. Nevada

d. Nevada

What is the difference between cohabitation and marriage?

Commitment is the main difference between cohabitation and marriage. In marriage, the assumption is permanence. In cohabitation, couples simply move in together. Marriage requires a judge to end it, but ending cohabitation only requires separating.

According to functionalists, the family fulfills six needs basic to the survival of every society. What are these needs?

The six needs, or functions, are (1) economic production, (2) socialization of children, (3) care of the sick and aged, (4) recreation, (5) sexual control, and (6) reproduction. Learning Objective: LO 16.2 Contrast the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives on marriage and family.

The text listed eight factors that help to make a marriage successful as identified by Jeanette and Robert Lauer; another six factors are identified by Nicholas Stinnett, and three more are included by the author. List at least six of these seventeen factors.

These are the seventeen factors. Happy couples (1) consider their spouse to be their best friend; (2) like their spouse as a person; (3) think of marriage as a long-term commitment; (4) believe that marriage is sacred; (5) agree on aims and goals; (6) believe that their spouse has grown more interesting over the years; (7) strongly want the relationship to succeed; (8) laugh together; (9) spend a lot of time together; (10) are quick to express appreciation; (11) promote one another's welfare; (12) do a lot of talking and listening to one another; (13) are religious; (14) deal with crises in a positive manner; (15) enjoy leisure activities together; (16) agree on how to spend money; and (17) get along with their in-laws.

How can symbolic interactionism help you to be optimistic about the chances of your own marriage succeeding despite the divorce statistics?

You are an individual, not a statistic. Divorce statistics represent all marriages and have absolutely nothing to do with any particular marriage. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, we create our own worlds. Our experiences do not come with built-in meanings. We can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, so it helps to have a vision that a good marriage is possible. It also helps to believe that it is worth the effort to work things out.

According to domestic violence research by Straus (2011), __________. a. wives get violent against their husbands as often as husbands get violent against their wives b. husbands do violence to their wives twice as often as wives do violence to their husbands c. domestic violence is mainly limited to couples who are not married d. the secret to curbing violence is to focus on men

a. wives get violent against their husbands as often as husbands get violent against their wives

___________ is a form of marriage in which women have more than one husband. a. The family of procreation b. Polyandry c. Polygyny d. The family of orientation

b. Polyandry

The sandwich generation is so called because they __________. a. are torn between work and family responsibilities b. are caring for both their children and their parents c. have bad eating habits, which lead to obesity d. are caring for both their parents and grandparents

b. are caring for both their children and their parents

From the functionalist perspective, the incest taboo helps families to avoid __________. a. emotional overload b. confusion over who is who in the family c. looking outside the family for marriage partners d. Internet dating

b. confusion over who is who in the family

The percentage of American children under 18 who live with both parents is __________. a. increasing b. decreasing c. unknown d. fixed by law

b. decreasing

In __________, one is marrying within the same group. a. exogamy b. endogamy c. polyandry d. an extended family

b. endogamy

Two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption make up a __________. a. family of orientation b. family c. nuclear family d. family of procreation

b. family

In Native American families, __________. a. elders play a less active role than in most U.S. families b. family life differs by social class c. physical punishment of children is emphasized d. social class plays no role

b. family life differs by social class

The family that is formed when a couple's first child is born is referred to as a __________. a. family of orientation b. family or procreation c. household d. family

b. family or procreation

When a couple gets divorced, they are not the only ones who experience the negative effects. According to sociological research from 2005, so do their __________. a. co-workers b. grandchildren c. cats d. dogs

b. grandchildren

Parents are actually spending more time with the children today than in the last forty years, and the main way parents have found the extra time is by __________. a. sleeping less b. spending less time with others c. working shorter hours d. enjoying the new, shorter workweek most employers have implemented

b. spending less time with others

Of the following, __________ most likely care(s) for the baby of a married woman who has to work. a. siblings b. the father c. a grandfather d. a grandmother

b. the father

There are about __________ confirmed cases of child abuse or neglect annually in the United States. a. 7,000 b. 70,000 c. 700,000 d. 7,000,000

c. 700,000

Which statement about machismo is true? a. It increases with each generation in the United States. b. It is limited to Latinos. c. It decreases with each generation in the United States. d. It is more important than social class in determining family life.

c. It decreases with each generation in the United States.

Which statement about same-sex marriage is true? a. In North America, it originated recently in the United States. b. The U.S. Constitution mentions same-sex marriage. c. Same-sex marriages were already taking place among Native Americans in the pre-Columbian era. d. It is illegal throughout the United States.

c. Same-sex marriages were already taking place among Native Americans in the pre-Columbian era.

Advances in technology have created the new possibility of __________. a. waiting less than three months for a human baby to be fully developed and ready to be born b. having full-grown children c. baby shopping d. arranged marriage

c. baby shopping

Marion, 10 years old, knew that she was related to the relatives on her mother's side of the family as well as to the relatives on her father's side of the family. This __________ system is the usual model in the United States. a. trilineal b. patrilineal c. bilineal d. matrilineal

c. bilineal

Systems of descent, the ways in which people trace kinship generation after generation, are __________. a. matrilineal everywhere but in the United States b. remarkably similar throughout the world c. different all over the world d. bilineal in the United States, but patriarchal everywhere else

c. different all over the world

In a(n) __________ family, both the wife and the husband hold just about the same authority. a. matrilineal b. incest taboo c. egalitarian d. patrilineal

c. egalitarian

According to a study, wives make more the decisions than husbands in __________ of households, husbands make more decisions than wives in __________ of households, and __________ of couples divide decisions equally. a. 18 percent; 72 percent; 10 percent b. 23 percent; 55 percent; 22 percent c. 30 percent; 41 percent; 29 percent d. 43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent

d. 43 percent; 26 percent; 31 percent

__________ of African American households are headed by both a mother and a father. a. Almost all b. Over three-quarters c. Slightly more than half d. Less than half

d. Less than half

__________ is a form of marriage in which men have more than one wife. a. Polyandry b. The nuclear family c. An extended family d. Polygyny

d. Polygyny

A group's approved mating arrangements, usually marked by a ritual of some sort, is called __________. a. endogamy b. exogamy c. a nuclear family d. a marriage

d. a marriage

The term "intimate partner rape" refers to __________. a. rape in general b. heterosexual relationships only c. married couples only d. all kinds of couples, regardless of sexual orientation

d. all kinds of couples, regardless of sexual orientation

Josie, a first-time bride, is currently at the average age for first-time brides in the United States, which is __________. a. just over 20, younger than at any other time in U.S. history b. about the same as it was in 1890 c. 25 d. between 27 and 28, older than at any other time in U.S. history

d. between 27 and 28, older than at any other time in U.S. history

The author of the textbook points out Asian Americans are __________. a. Confucianists b. monolithic c. of one social class d. from disparate backgrounds

d. from disparate backgrounds

The major distinction between gay or lesbian families and heterosexual families is that __________. a. they have different emphases on money and careers b. breakups occur for different reasons c. heterosexual families raise children and gay/lesbian families do not d. gay/lesbian families still face negativity

d. gay/lesbian families still face negativity

The most salient factor to consider in terms of the future of marriage is that __________. a. many societies in the world exist quite happily without marriage b. the decline of marriage indicates that it will become a relic of the past c. fewer couples will find themselves sandwiched between taking care of kids and parents d. marriage exists in every society

d. marriage exists in every society