Chapter 16

Name the hormone and enzyme secreted by kidneys

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.

Which of the following responses does not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range such as eating after a meal

There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue

Name the hormones of the thyroid gland.

Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine system

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following

Decrease hormone release through negative feedback, decreased gene transcription, increase ATP production, increase levels of camp

norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be _____ when releases into the bloodstream, but _____ when released at synapses

Hormones;neurotransmitter

The ovaries secrete _____ when stimulated by FSH

estrogen

All of the following are result of thyroid hormones

Increase sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation, elevated rates of oxygen consumption and energy consumption, maintenance of normal sensitivity of respiratory centers, stimulation of red blood cell formation

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue

Increased oxygen consumption, increased body temp, increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation, increased heart ratw

The images show the events that occur in your body after you eat a sugary snack. Put the events in the correct sequence

1) blood glucose becomes high 2) pancreas releases insulin 3) insulin binds to receptors on target cells 4) cells take in glucose 5) blood glucose returns to normal

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon

_______ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues

hormones

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except

hypoglycemia

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the

medulla

define regulatory hormone

A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect secretion of

ADH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH

Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland

Anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Steroid

Bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

The endocrine system works with most closely with _____ system to maintain homeostasis

Cardiovascular

Define diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development

FSH

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreated after closure of the epiphyseal plates

Growth hormone

In adequate iodine in the diet would lead to

High levels of TSH, hypothyroidism, goiter, cretinism

List three functions for suggested melatonin in humans

Maintain circadian rhythms, control timing of sexual maturation, protect against damage by free radicals

Name the hormones secretes by the heart

Natriuretic peptides

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include

Peptides, steroids, eicosanoids,amino acid derivatives

When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce effect is called

Permissive

PRL is to ____ as ACTH is to

Prolactin; corticotropin

All of the following are true of the nervous system

Respond with motor output, communicate by the release of neurotransmitters, respond specifically to stimuli, respond rapidly to stimuli

Two hormone that have additive affects are

Synergist

endocrine system

The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or pancrines

Describe the locations of the parathyroid glands

They are embedded in the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland.

List three phases of stress response

alarm phase, resistance phase, exhaustion phase

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

gonadotropins

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis

growth hormone

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise

insulin is released

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called

integrative

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased secretion of which hormone

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

production and release

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

The ____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney

suprarenal

The testes produce

testosterone

Horomone receptor

A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone

Growth hormone does all of the following

Promote bone growth, promote amino acid uptake by cells, promote muscle growth

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following

Rises during sexual arousal,promotes uterine contractions, is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands, peaks at orgasm in both sexes

Steroid hormones

derived from cholesterol, are lipids, bind to receptors within the cell, are produced by reproductive glands

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ____ system in many ways

endocrine

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells

erythropoietin

Melatonin is produced by

pineal gland

Cells can respond to _____ hormones at a time

several