Chapter 16
Name the hormone and enzyme secreted by kidneys
The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.
Which of the following responses does not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range such as eating after a meal
There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue
Name the hormones of the thyroid gland.
Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin
What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine system
To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following
Decrease hormone release through negative feedback, decreased gene transcription, increase ATP production, increase levels of camp
norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be _____ when releases into the bloodstream, but _____ when released at synapses
Hormones;neurotransmitter
The ovaries secrete _____ when stimulated by FSH
estrogen
All of the following are result of thyroid hormones
Increase sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation, elevated rates of oxygen consumption and energy consumption, maintenance of normal sensitivity of respiratory centers, stimulation of red blood cell formation
Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue
Increased oxygen consumption, increased body temp, increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation, increased heart ratw
The images show the events that occur in your body after you eat a sugary snack. Put the events in the correct sequence
1) blood glucose becomes high 2) pancreas releases insulin 3) insulin binds to receptors on target cells 4) cells take in glucose 5) blood glucose returns to normal
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false
It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
glucagon
_______ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
hormones
A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except
hypoglycemia
The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the
medulla
define regulatory hormone
A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect secretion of
ADH
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss
ADH
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
ADH
Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland
Anterior lobe and posterior lobe
Steroid
Bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
The endocrine system works with most closely with _____ system to maintain homeostasis
Cardiovascular
Define diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development
FSH
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreated after closure of the epiphyseal plates
Growth hormone
In adequate iodine in the diet would lead to
High levels of TSH, hypothyroidism, goiter, cretinism
List three functions for suggested melatonin in humans
Maintain circadian rhythms, control timing of sexual maturation, protect against damage by free radicals
Name the hormones secretes by the heart
Natriuretic peptides
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include
Peptides, steroids, eicosanoids,amino acid derivatives
When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce effect is called
Permissive
PRL is to ____ as ACTH is to
Prolactin; corticotropin
All of the following are true of the nervous system
Respond with motor output, communicate by the release of neurotransmitters, respond specifically to stimuli, respond rapidly to stimuli
Two hormone that have additive affects are
Synergist
endocrine system
The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or pancrines
Describe the locations of the parathyroid glands
They are embedded in the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland.
List three phases of stress response
alarm phase, resistance phase, exhaustion phase
Cells of the adrenal cortex produce
aldosterone
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
calcitonin
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the
cortex
The primary function of ADH is to
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
The adrenal medulla produces
epinephrine
Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
gonadotropins
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis
growth hormone
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
insulin
The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration
insulin
When blood glucose levels rise
insulin is released
Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called
integrative
The condition known as goiter can result from too
little iodine in the diet
Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased secretion of which hormone
parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
parathyroid hormone
TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.
production and release
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
resistance
The ____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney
suprarenal
The testes produce
testosterone
Horomone receptor
A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone
Growth hormone does all of the following
Promote bone growth, promote amino acid uptake by cells, promote muscle growth
The hormone oxytocin does all of the following
Rises during sexual arousal,promotes uterine contractions, is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands, peaks at orgasm in both sexes
Steroid hormones
derived from cholesterol, are lipids, bind to receptors within the cell, are produced by reproductive glands
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ____ system in many ways
endocrine
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
Melatonin is produced by
pineal gland
Cells can respond to _____ hormones at a time
several