Chapter 16 Review

How did Louis XIV use the Palace of Versailles to increase his absolute control?

Louis XIV moved himself and his government to the newly renovated place at Versailles. The palace became a the center of political, social, and cultural life. The king required all of the great nobles to spend at least part of the year in attendance on him there, so that he could keep a close eye on their activities. nobles competed for Louis XIV to like them the best

During seventeenth century Absolutism, England and France were two absolute monarchies in Europe. Compare and contrast the differing ways in which the monarchies of Louis XIV and Charles I dealt with political power. THESIS AND 3 BODY PARAGRAPHS

Throughout the 17th Century, England and France were both absolute monarchies, but had differing views in administration over their country, taxes, and foreign policy with other countries. Administration, Taxes, and Foreign Policy

Jean Baptiste Colbert

minister of finances of France under Louis XIV. created the idea of mercantilism (gold coming into the country)

Republic (form of government)

power from the people, not a monarch

Explain the financial policies of France by Discussing Colbert.

Colberts main financial policy was that the wealth and economy of France should serve the state. He thought they should follow mercantilist ideas and to sell more goods abroad than they bought. To decrease purchases made by France he said they should produce everything needed by French people in the French industry. All of Colberts efforts allowed Louis XIV to pursue his goals without having to massive tax increases and without having to create new offices.

Triennial Act

Act that required Parliament to be called at least once every three years

Defend the following statement; Peter the Great was "the westernizer" of Russia

Fascinated by weapons and foreign technology Peter the Great led a group of 250 Russian officials and young men on an 18 month tour of western European capitals. He was particularily impressed wih the Dutch and Englush, and he considered how Russia would profit from their example. Returning to Russia, he entered a secret alliance with Denmark and Poland to wage a sudden war of aggression against Sweden with the goal of securing acces to the Baltic Sea and oppertunities of westward expansion. He was beaten, but eventually built his army back up and won. Now russia was the dominant power in the Baltic. After this he had people build a new Western-style capital on the Baltic Sea. Nobles had to shave their beards and wear western clothing, freely choose spouses.

Glorious Revolution

James II overthrown in bloodless war. end to divine right of monarchy

Professional Soldiers

Prussia had the most experienced _________________________, weren't likely to be scared of fighting

Explain French Baroque art.

Rome and the catholic church played an important role in the development of this. The papacy encouraged the development of an intensely emotional exuberant art. They wanted artists to touch the souls and kindle the faith of church goers while proclaiming the power and confidence of the reformed catholic church. This art form contained a lot of religious emotionalism and drew a lot of its sense of drama and motion from the Catholic Reformation.

Thirty Years War

War divided into 4 stages: Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French. Very destructive to Central Europe both physically and economically. It was the last major religious conflict in Europe.

Mercantilism

idea that you should import gold to increase wealth within the country

Know the reasons behind the Thirty Years War and the chronology of the phases

religious civil war between the Protestants and Roman Catholics in Germany that engaged the Austrian Habsburgs and the German princes. The war soon developed into a devastating struggle for the balance of power in Europe. phases are: Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French.

Restoration of 1660

return of the monarchy when Charles II regained the throne after his father Charles I was executed

Fronde

riot against the child King, Louis XIV. people upset with absolutism control of their country. Louis fled.

Oliver Cromwell

served in the Rump Parliament. had military dictatorship of England after the execution of Charles I. enforced Navigation Act

Mazarin (Cardinal)

succeeded Cardinal Richelieu as chief minster for Louis XIV. fought to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war (the Fronde).

Stadholder

the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of the Netherlands

Richelieu (Cardinal)

the chief of government under King Louis XIII. He achieved two difficult goals in his career: establishing absolute monarchy in France and breaking the political power of the Huguenots, or French Protestants

Peace of Westphalia

treaty ended 30 Years' War. Spain recognized independence of the Dutch

Peter the Great

was a Russian czar in the late 17th century who is best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to establish Russia as a great nation.

Louis XIV

was known as the Sun King and was the prime example of absolute monarchy in 17th and 18th century Europe. He was significant for a few reasons: Government control, desire for religious harmony, wars to gain land, and economic disasters