Chemistry Midterm~Wrobel

17 protons, 17 electrons, 18 neutrons

chlorine has atomic number 18 and mass number 35. It has

Hund's Rule

"Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin" is a statement of ______

weight

a change in the force of gravity on an object will affect its

mass

a measure of the quantity of matter is

a blend of any 2 or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties

a mixture is

brittle

a nonmetal is usually

liquid

a state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the _______ state

gradually decrease

across a period in the periodic table, atomic radius ___

number of protons

all atoms of the same element have the same

the number of protons and electrons are equal

an atom is electrically neutral because

energy

an electron for which n=4 has more _____ than an electron for which n=2

decrease potential energy

as atoms bond with each other the ________(think energy and stability)

repelled by densely packed regions of postitve charge

because a few alpha particles bounced back from the foil, Rutherford concluded that they were

atoms were mostly empty space

because most particles fired at metal foil passed straight through, Rutherford concluded that

the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes that occur within living organisms

biochemistry is the study of _______

7

bromine, atomic number 35, belongs to group 17. How many electrons does bromine have in its outermost energy level?

properties

elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar

electron

experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the

increases

for each successive electron removed from an atom, the ionization energy

minus 10

for groups 13 through 18, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number

32

how many electrons are needed to completely fill the fourth energy level?

2 if they have opposite spins

how many electrons can occupy the s orbitals at each energy level?

91.4 cm

if 1 inch equals 2.54 cm, how many centimeters equal 1 yard?

30g

if 6.0g of element K combine with 17g of element L, how many grams of element K combine with 85g of element L?

homogenous

if a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be

polar

if the atoms thast share electrons have an unequal attraction for the electrons, the bond is called ____

multiple proportions

in oxides of nitrogen, such as N2O, NO, NO2, and N2O3 atoms combine in small whole-number ratios. This evidence supports the law:

non-carbon related compounds

inorganic chemistry is the study of

group 2

magnesium, atomic number 12, has the electron configuration [ne] 3s2. To what group does magnesium belong?

atomic mass

mendeleev noticed that properties of elements usually repeated at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing

p block

neutral atoms with an s2p6 electron configuration in the highest energy level belong to which block of the periodic table?

reactants

nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gasses, form a red-brown gas when mixed. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the

group 15

nitrogen's electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3. To what group does nitrogen belong?

atoms lose electrons

plasma is the fourth state of matter. In the plasma state

are reproducible in another lab

standards of measurement are chosen because they

12 amu

the Carbon-12 atom is assigned a relative mass of exactly

an equal number of atoms

the atomic number of neon is 10. The atomic number of calcium is 20. Compared with a mole of neon of calcium contains

protons

the atomic number of oxygen, 8, indicates that there are eight

expanded and modified

the atomic theory proposed by Dalton has been

wavelength

the distance between two successive peaks on an adjacent waves is its _________

6

the electron configuration for the carbon atom (C) is 1s 2s 2p. The atomic number of carbon is

3

the electron configuration of aluminum, atomic number 13, is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. Aluminum is in period

group 7

the electron configuration of an element is [Kr] 5s2 4d5. To what group does this element belong?

6

the electron configuration of cesium, atomic number 55, is [Xe] 6s1. In what period is cesium?

valence electrons

the electrons involved in the formation of a chemical bond are called ______

alkali metals

the elements in group 1 are also known as the

17

the elements whose electron configurations end with s2p5 in the highest occupied energy level belong to group ______

photoelectric effect

the emission of electrons from metals that have absorbed photons is called the ______

alkali metals

the group of soft, silvery, reactive metals, all of which have one electron in an s orbital, is known as the _____

the 2s orbital is at a higher energy level

the major difference between a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital is that

halogen

the most reactive group of the nonmetals is the

3

the number of possible different orbital shapes for the third energy level is

7

the number of valence electrons in group 17 elements is _____

dumb-bells

the p orbitals are shaped like

when the elements are the arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties

the periodic law states that __________

density

the quantity of matter per unit volume is

region occupied by by the electrons

the radius of an atom extends to the outer edge of the

line-emission spectrum

the specific wavelengths of light seen through a prism that are made when high-voltage current is passed through a tube of hydrogen gas as low pressure is a

direction of electron spin

the spin quantum number of an electron can be thought of as describing

km, m, cm, m

the symbols for units of length in order from largest to smallest are

having mass and taking up space

the two most important properties of all matter are

precise

these values were recorded as the mass of products when a chemical reaction was carried out three separate times: 8.83g, 8.84g, 8.82g. The mass of products from that reaction is 8.60g. The values are:

group 4

titanium, atomic number 22, has the configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d2. To what group does titanium belong?

f block

to which block do the actinide elements belong?

very far from each other

under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are

energy is gained or lost

what happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state

1s2 2s2 2p3

what is the electron configuration for nitrogen, atomic number 7?

the particles of the beam were negatively charged because they were deflected away from a negative plate

when an electrical current passed through a glass tube, it caused the surface of the tube directly across from the cathode to glow. Scientists concluded that

the number of energy levels increase

which is the best reason that the atomic radius generally increases with atomic number in each group of elements?

quantum model

which model of the atom explains the orbitals of electrons as waves

are less metallic

within the the p block elements, the elements at the top of the table, compared with those at the bottom, _______