Chemistry Midterm~Wrobel
17 protons, 17 electrons, 18 neutrons
chlorine has atomic number 18 and mass number 35. It has
Hund's Rule
"Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin" is a statement of ______
weight
a change in the force of gravity on an object will affect its
mass
a measure of the quantity of matter is
a blend of any 2 or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties
a mixture is
brittle
a nonmetal is usually
liquid
a state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the _______ state
gradually decrease
across a period in the periodic table, atomic radius ___
number of protons
all atoms of the same element have the same
the number of protons and electrons are equal
an atom is electrically neutral because
energy
an electron for which n=4 has more _____ than an electron for which n=2
decrease potential energy
as atoms bond with each other the ________(think energy and stability)
repelled by densely packed regions of postitve charge
because a few alpha particles bounced back from the foil, Rutherford concluded that they were
atoms were mostly empty space
because most particles fired at metal foil passed straight through, Rutherford concluded that
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes that occur within living organisms
biochemistry is the study of _______
7
bromine, atomic number 35, belongs to group 17. How many electrons does bromine have in its outermost energy level?
properties
elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar
electron
experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the
increases
for each successive electron removed from an atom, the ionization energy
minus 10
for groups 13 through 18, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
32
how many electrons are needed to completely fill the fourth energy level?
2 if they have opposite spins
how many electrons can occupy the s orbitals at each energy level?
91.4 cm
if 1 inch equals 2.54 cm, how many centimeters equal 1 yard?
30g
if 6.0g of element K combine with 17g of element L, how many grams of element K combine with 85g of element L?
homogenous
if a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be
polar
if the atoms thast share electrons have an unequal attraction for the electrons, the bond is called ____
multiple proportions
in oxides of nitrogen, such as N2O, NO, NO2, and N2O3 atoms combine in small whole-number ratios. This evidence supports the law:
non-carbon related compounds
inorganic chemistry is the study of
group 2
magnesium, atomic number 12, has the electron configuration [ne] 3s2. To what group does magnesium belong?
atomic mass
mendeleev noticed that properties of elements usually repeated at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing
p block
neutral atoms with an s2p6 electron configuration in the highest energy level belong to which block of the periodic table?
reactants
nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gasses, form a red-brown gas when mixed. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the
group 15
nitrogen's electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3. To what group does nitrogen belong?
atoms lose electrons
plasma is the fourth state of matter. In the plasma state
are reproducible in another lab
standards of measurement are chosen because they
12 amu
the Carbon-12 atom is assigned a relative mass of exactly
an equal number of atoms
the atomic number of neon is 10. The atomic number of calcium is 20. Compared with a mole of neon of calcium contains
protons
the atomic number of oxygen, 8, indicates that there are eight
expanded and modified
the atomic theory proposed by Dalton has been
wavelength
the distance between two successive peaks on an adjacent waves is its _________
6
the electron configuration for the carbon atom (C) is 1s 2s 2p. The atomic number of carbon is
3
the electron configuration of aluminum, atomic number 13, is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. Aluminum is in period
group 7
the electron configuration of an element is [Kr] 5s2 4d5. To what group does this element belong?
6
the electron configuration of cesium, atomic number 55, is [Xe] 6s1. In what period is cesium?
valence electrons
the electrons involved in the formation of a chemical bond are called ______
alkali metals
the elements in group 1 are also known as the
17
the elements whose electron configurations end with s2p5 in the highest occupied energy level belong to group ______
photoelectric effect
the emission of electrons from metals that have absorbed photons is called the ______
alkali metals
the group of soft, silvery, reactive metals, all of which have one electron in an s orbital, is known as the _____
the 2s orbital is at a higher energy level
the major difference between a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital is that
halogen
the most reactive group of the nonmetals is the
3
the number of possible different orbital shapes for the third energy level is
7
the number of valence electrons in group 17 elements is _____
dumb-bells
the p orbitals are shaped like
when the elements are the arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties
the periodic law states that __________
density
the quantity of matter per unit volume is
region occupied by by the electrons
the radius of an atom extends to the outer edge of the
line-emission spectrum
the specific wavelengths of light seen through a prism that are made when high-voltage current is passed through a tube of hydrogen gas as low pressure is a
direction of electron spin
the spin quantum number of an electron can be thought of as describing
km, m, cm, m
the symbols for units of length in order from largest to smallest are
having mass and taking up space
the two most important properties of all matter are
precise
these values were recorded as the mass of products when a chemical reaction was carried out three separate times: 8.83g, 8.84g, 8.82g. The mass of products from that reaction is 8.60g. The values are:
group 4
titanium, atomic number 22, has the configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d2. To what group does titanium belong?
f block
to which block do the actinide elements belong?
very far from each other
under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are
energy is gained or lost
what happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state
1s2 2s2 2p3
what is the electron configuration for nitrogen, atomic number 7?
the particles of the beam were negatively charged because they were deflected away from a negative plate
when an electrical current passed through a glass tube, it caused the surface of the tube directly across from the cathode to glow. Scientists concluded that
the number of energy levels increase
which is the best reason that the atomic radius generally increases with atomic number in each group of elements?
quantum model
which model of the atom explains the orbitals of electrons as waves
are less metallic
within the the p block elements, the elements at the top of the table, compared with those at the bottom, _______