Chapter 16: Sense Organs

What wavelengths of light are visible to the human eye?

400-700 nm

Which describes the optic disc?

An area of the retina lacking photorecpetors.

The ____________ body is an extension of the chord that supports the iris and lends of the eye.

Ciliary

Which structure secretes the aqueous humor?

Ciliary Body

Taste Buds

Clusters of taste cells

The ____________ is the translucent anterior section of the fibrous layer (tunic) of the eye.

Cornea

The anterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures?

Cornea and Iris

By definition, __________ is double vision resulting from failure of convergence.

Diplopia

The term ___________ refers to a relaxed state in which the eyes are focused on far away objects.

Emmetropia

T/F: All sensory signals are consciously perceived.

False

Which portion of the retina produces the greatest visual activity (sharpness of image)?

Fovea Centralis

Which term refers to the sensation of taste?

Gustation

Which describes the choroid?

Highly pigmented, contains numerous capillaries, and is apart of the vascular tunic layer

Name the two cell types that function primarily to enhance the perception of the edges of objects, contrast and light intensity in the retina?

Horizontal & Amacrine Cells

The colored portion of the eye surrounding the pupil is called the...

Iris

Which statement about the pupillary dilator is true?

It consists of a spoke-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells

Which statement about the pupillary constrictor is true?

It narrows the pupil

List the components of the lacrimal apparatus.

Lacrimal Ducts & Glands

The vitreous body, or humor, is a jelly-like substance located between what two structures of the eye?

Lens and Retina

The visual adjustment that is made when you go from a dark or dimly lit area to a brighter area is called ___________ adaptation.

Light

Supporting cells

Mature cells within a taste bud that do not play a role is gustation

Which type of cone contains a photopsin that is maximally sensitive to wavelengths of light around 531 nm?

Medium-wavelength cones

What is the distal most portion of the lacrimal apparatus?

Nasolacrimal Duct

The term ____________ response refers to the processes involved in focusing on close objects.

Near

Olfactory cells are a type of what?

Neuron

Which type of secretion from the tarsal glands coats the eye and reduces evaporation?

Oil

The sense of smell is also known as ______________.

Olfaction

Which instrument is used to examine the retina?

Opthalmoscope

Which term refers to the opening between the eyelids?

Palpebral Fissure

___________ is the visual pigment in cones.

Photopsin

The ___________ reflex refers to the ability of the pupil to respond to the intensity of light.

Photopupillary

Rhodopsin is an example of a visual ______________, a molecule that plays a crucial role in visual transduction by changing shape when it absorbs certain wavelengths of light.

Pigment

The _____________ epithelium of the retina absorbs stray light.

Pigment

A ___________ refers to any structure capable of detecting a stimulus.

Receptor

Which term refers to the bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different density?

Refraction

The ora errata is the scalloped margin of which structure?

Retina

Which of the following structures contains photoreceptors?

Retina

Which of the following is considered a neural component of the eye?

Retina/Optic Nerve

Name the visual pigment present in rods.

Rhodopsin

Which type of photoreceptor cells demonstrates extensive neural convergence resulting in spatial summation, useful for low light vision?

Rods

Which term refers to sensory receptors accompanied by accessory tissues that facilitate transduction of a stimulus?

Sense Organ

Taste Cells

Sensory cells that detect tastants

Red-green color blindness is a ______-linked recessive trait.

Sex

Which of the following would be true about a person with only one eye?

She/He would have impaired stereoscopic vision.

Taste Pore

Small pits in the epithelium of the tongue into which taste hairs project

Basal Cells

Stem cells that give rise to new taste cells

Which extrinsic eye muscle passes through the trochlea?

Superior Oblique

The ____________ ligament attaches the lens of the eye to the ciliary body.

Suspensory

The _________ __________ are found mainly on the lingual papillae and contain the sensory receptors for taste.

Taste Buds

What is the function of the lens?

To focus light onto the retina

What is the function of the scleral venous sinus?

To reabsorb aqueous humor

What is the primary function of a sensory receptor?

Transduction

T/F: Tears contain a bactericidal enzyme to help prevent infection.

True

Which term refers to the outermost layer of the eyeball?

Tunica Fibrosa

The chord, colliery body, and iris belong to which of the three tunics of the eye?

Tunica Vasculosa (Middle Layer)

Where are the olfactory tracts located?

Underneath the frontal lobe

Where is the olfactory mucosa located?

Upper region of the nasal cavity

Lingual Papillae

Visible bumps on the tongue, some of which contain taste buds