Chapter 16: The Frontier
he successor to Cochise and leader of the Chiricahua Apaches
Gerenomio
most famous of all conflicts between Whites and American Indians
Little Bighorn
One of the great American writers of the nineteenth century, he gave voice to his romantic vision of the frontier in a series of brilliant novels and memoirs
Mark Twain
Which of the following describe the romantic image of the West as expressed in art, literature, and popular culture?
Paintings from the West helped create a tourist industry: Stories about the West swept through the United States in the form of novels, magazines, and theatre: The Idea that the West was the last frontier gave it a magnetic pull.
the most widespread Indian presence in the American West
Plains Indians
group of painters who celebrated the new West in grandiose canvases, some of which were taken on tours around eastern and midwestern states
Rocky Mountain School
The flow of Chinese immigrants to the United States increased dramatically after which of the following events?
The California Gold Rush
provided for the gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment of tracts to individual owners
Dawes Severalty Act
plan to move all the Plains Indians into two large reservations—one in Indian Territory (Oklahoma), the other in the Dakotas
"concentration" policy
Which of the following describe the effects of ethnic, racial, and cultural prejudice on western society? Drag the appropriate items to the "Prejudice in the West" column.
A caste system developed in the Southwest with Mexicans at the top, followed by Pueblo: Mexicans in New Mexico were restricted to the lowest paying, least stable jobs: Discrinatory laws were intended to discourage Chinese from immigrating into California
Which of the following explain the significance of the "frontier" in American history according to Frederick Jackson Turner?
A democratizing force, cherished myth, and individualism and advancement.
the leader of the Nez Percé, he urged his followers to flee from American troops, hoping to reach Canada
Chief Joseph
banned Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years and barred Chinese already in the country from becoming naturalized citizens
Chinese Exclusion Act
cattle-drive route ending in Abilene, Texas
Chisholm Trail
What was the significance of the cowboy for Frederic Remington and Owen Wister?
He was a man who became a natural leader in the absence of civilization.
he argued that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of the one of the most important democratizing forces in American life
Fredrick Jackson Turner
the romantic quality of his work made him one of the most beloved and successful artists of the nineteenth century
Fredrick Remington
colonel of the famous Seventh Cavalry at the Battle of Little Big Horn
George A. Cluster
For which of the following groups was the acquisition of California by the United States a disastrous consequence?
Hispanics
permitted settlers to buy plots of 160 acres for a small fee if they occupied the land they purchased for five years and improved it
Homestead Act
Why did Americans celebrate the frontier after the Civil War?
It represented the constant possibility of new opportunities.
Which of the following identify or describe the major industries important to western development?
The agriculture boom only lasted about a decade because of overproduction and declining prices: The mining boom lasted a relatively brief 30 years: the "long drives" established the first link between west Texas and the East.
Which of the following numbers accurately describes the decline of the western buffalo herds between 1865 and 1875?
They declined from 15 million in 1865 to fewer than 1,000 in 1875.
Which of the following describe the effects of federal policy and action on the western Indians? Drag the appropriate items into the "Federal Policy and the Western Indians" column.
Treaties often failed because influx from white settlers: The Dawes Severalty Act because of corruption and conflict with tribal ways: Cramped Reservations and corrupt agents caused rebellion.
Which of the following events marked the effective end of Indian resistance to the policies of the U.S. government?
Wounded Knee
this battle soon turned into a one-sided massacre as white soldiers turned their revolving cannons on the Indians and mowed them down in the snow
Wounded Knee
The Chinese Exclusion Act legalized which of the following policies?
barring Chinese immigrants from entering the country
Hispanic residents of the westernmost state at the time:
californios
What was the government's plan for the Indians during the 1850s and 1860s?
concentrate their populations on reservations
indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery
coolies
Romantic interpretations of the West tended to emphasize which aspects of Western life?
freedom
early in 1866, some Texas cattle ranchers began moving their combined herds, as many as 260,000 cattle, north to Missouri on the Missouri Pacific Railroad
long drive
Which of the following was the first boom industry of the American West?
mining
What practice caused the decline of the cattle industry?
over-expansion of herds
Beginning in the 1880s, which of the following was the biggest cause in the drop in prices for agricultural goods?
over-production
Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran were part of which of the following groups?
the Rocky Mountain school of painters who glorified the natural landscape of the West
What did Frederick Jackson Turner announce in his famous 1893 speech?
the closing of the frontier
What figure came to popularize the rugged individualism of the American West?
the cowboy