Chapter 16: The Frontier

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he successor to Cochise and leader of the Chiricahua Apaches

Gerenomio

most famous of all conflicts between Whites and American Indians

Little Bighorn

One of the great American writers of the nineteenth century, he gave voice to his romantic vision of the frontier in a series of brilliant novels and memoirs

Mark Twain

Which of the following describe the romantic image of the West as expressed in art, literature, and popular culture?

Paintings from the West helped create a tourist industry: Stories about the West swept through the United States in the form of novels, magazines, and theatre: The Idea that the West was the last frontier gave it a magnetic pull.

the most widespread Indian presence in the American West

Plains Indians

group of painters who celebrated the new West in grandiose canvases, some of which were taken on tours around eastern and midwestern states

Rocky Mountain School

The flow of Chinese immigrants to the United States increased dramatically after which of the following events?

The California Gold Rush

provided for the gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment of tracts to individual owners

Dawes Severalty Act

plan to move all the Plains Indians into two large reservations—one in Indian Territory (Oklahoma), the other in the Dakotas

"concentration" policy

Which of the following describe the effects of ethnic, racial, and cultural prejudice on western society? Drag the appropriate items to the "Prejudice in the West" column.

A caste system developed in the Southwest with Mexicans at the top, followed by Pueblo: Mexicans in New Mexico were restricted to the lowest paying, least stable jobs: Discrinatory laws were intended to discourage Chinese from immigrating into California

Which of the following explain the significance of the "frontier" in American history according to Frederick Jackson Turner?

A democratizing force, cherished myth, and individualism and advancement.

the leader of the Nez Percé, he urged his followers to flee from American troops, hoping to reach Canada

Chief Joseph

banned Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years and barred Chinese already in the country from becoming naturalized citizens

Chinese Exclusion Act

cattle-drive route ending in Abilene, Texas

Chisholm Trail

What was the significance of the cowboy for Frederic Remington and Owen Wister?

He was a man who became a natural leader in the absence of civilization.

he argued that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of the one of the most important democratizing forces in American life

Fredrick Jackson Turner

the romantic quality of his work made him one of the most beloved and successful artists of the nineteenth century

Fredrick Remington

colonel of the famous Seventh Cavalry at the Battle of Little Big Horn

George A. Cluster

For which of the following groups was the acquisition of California by the United States a disastrous consequence?

Hispanics

permitted settlers to buy plots of 160 acres for a small fee if they occupied the land they purchased for five years and improved it

Homestead Act

Why did Americans celebrate the frontier after the Civil War?

It represented the constant possibility of new opportunities.

Which of the following identify or describe the major industries important to western development?

The agriculture boom only lasted about a decade because of overproduction and declining prices: The mining boom lasted a relatively brief 30 years: the "long drives" established the first link between west Texas and the East.

Which of the following numbers accurately describes the decline of the western buffalo herds between 1865 and 1875?

They declined from 15 million in 1865 to fewer than 1,000 in 1875.

Which of the following describe the effects of federal policy and action on the western Indians? Drag the appropriate items into the "Federal Policy and the Western Indians" column.

Treaties often failed because influx from white settlers: The Dawes Severalty Act because of corruption and conflict with tribal ways: Cramped Reservations and corrupt agents caused rebellion.

Which of the following events marked the effective end of Indian resistance to the policies of the U.S. government?

Wounded Knee

this battle soon turned into a one-sided massacre as white soldiers turned their revolving cannons on the Indians and mowed them down in the snow

Wounded Knee

The Chinese Exclusion Act legalized which of the following policies?

barring Chinese immigrants from entering the country

Hispanic residents of the westernmost state at the time:

californios

What was the government's plan for the Indians during the 1850s and 1860s?

concentrate their populations on reservations

indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery

coolies

Romantic interpretations of the West tended to emphasize which aspects of Western life?

freedom

early in 1866, some Texas cattle ranchers began moving their combined herds, as many as 260,000 cattle, north to Missouri on the Missouri Pacific Railroad

long drive

Which of the following was the first boom industry of the American West?

mining

What practice caused the decline of the cattle industry?

over-expansion of herds

Beginning in the 1880s, which of the following was the biggest cause in the drop in prices for agricultural goods?

over-production

Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran were part of which of the following groups?

the Rocky Mountain school of painters who glorified the natural landscape of the West

What did Frederick Jackson Turner announce in his famous 1893 speech?

the closing of the frontier

What figure came to popularize the rugged individualism of the American West?

the cowboy


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