Chapter 16 WH
Akhbar
14 when became MUGHAL king, extended territory hugely, semiautonomous principalities, nice ruler, open view on religion, Divine Faith, zamindars, jizya, peace and prosperity, trade and commerce
1580
Abbas I the Great signs peace agreement with the Ottomans that causes much loss of territory
Treaty of Carlowitz
Austria gets Transylvania and Hungary (Ottomans lose territory)
Janissaries
Christians converted to Islam, foot soldiers and administrators
Istanbul
Constantinople is renamed
Aurengzeb
MUGHAL emperor, took away sati, castration of eunuchs, and exacting of illegal taxes, no more Hindu temples, Hindu poll tax restored
Akbar, Aurengzeb
Mughal ruler __________ took away the Hindu poll tax, but it was later restored by Mughal ruler _________.
Seljuk Turks
Osman emerged from a Turkish tribe called the
Serbians and Bulgars
Ottomans allied with these forces in order to take control of Bosporus and the Dardenelles, which was very smart because these people already wanted to take over Byzantines
Abbas I the Great
Ottomans return forcing this Safavid ruler to sign treaty that loses much territory, similar system to Janissaries based on merit, strengthens army, more Shiite in court, women put under veils, other religions NOT ACCEPTED, unrest
Battle of Mohác at Danube
Ottomans under Suleyman I the Magnificent defeat Hungary
Isfahan
Safavid capital Tabriz moves to
Egypt
Selim I defeated the Mamluks in __________.
Sufis, Shiite
Shah Ismail and the original leaders of the Safavids were originally from a tribe made up of ________, but they became strong adherents of the _________ version of Islam instead as their power grew.
red-heads
Shiites in the Safavid Empire that wore red caps with 12 folds that represent the 12 imams
Battle of Lepanto
Spanish conquer Ottoman Empire under Suleyman I the Magnificent
Mehmet II, 1453
The Turks under ________ finally conquered Constantinople in __________.
India
_____'s economy suffered from the following ways from the takeover of much of its commerce by the Europeans: transfer of capital from Indian aristocracy into European hands, weakening of local industry as European imports were allowed in duty free, confiscation of their land when unable to pay taxes collected by Europeans
Dardanelles, Bosporus
after gaining control of the _________ and the __________, the Ottomans under Orkhan I were able to begin expansion into the Balkans
Orkhan I
allied with the Serbians to take over Byzantine Empire, beys collected peasant taxes, first to name himself the sultan
English
although the Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach the coast of India, the _________ are the ones who had the greatest impact on India.
Akhbar
although this Mughal emperor was Muslim, he upset devout Muslims at his court by tolerating Hindu practices and taking a Hindu wife, welcoming discussions with Jesuits who were in the country to spread Christianity, and sponsoring a new form of worship called Divine Faith, which focused on the believe that the emperor was infallible.
Battle of Kosovo
battle fought where the Ottoman Empire under Murad I defeated the Serbs in 1389
Battle at Tabriz
battle on the West Caspian fought by Selim I (Ottoman ruler) and Ismail (Safavid ruler)
Divine Faith
began with Akhbar MUGHAL, infallibility of emperor, not popular at all
topkapi
cannon gate, Ottoman Empire
Mehmet II
captured Constantinople in 1453 and renames it Istanbul, went across the Golden Horn
grand vezir
chief minister of the Ottoman Empire
Shah Ismail
conquers Iran and Iraq, promotes rebellion, against Ottomans, Selim I defeats Safavids under this ruler at Battle of Tabriz, moves capital from Tabriz to Isfahan
Selim I
defeats Safavid Empire, expands to Egypt and Syria, Mamluks
Babur
descendant of Genghis Khan, inherited land NW, seized Kabul (near Khyber Pass India) helped ailing dynasty, advanced weapons and elephants, captured Delhi in North India, MUGHALS
caliphate
first the Seljuk Turks and then later the Ottoman Turks tried to reestablish what kind of polity over the territory they controlled?
Shah Ismail
founder of the Safavid Empire
jizya
head tax taken from Hindus MUGHAL empire
4
how many times a week do the imperial council under the grand vezir meet a week?
sipahis
in general, the local elite cavalry within the Ottoman
Sunni
in terms of religion, the Ottoman rulers were primarily
Vienna
in their several attempts to take over southeastern Europe, the Ottomans were stopped at
Shah Jahan
killed anyone in his way, expanded MUGHAL boundaries, no treasury bc of greedy mom, raised taxes, military campaigns, no infrastructure improvement, Agra capital to Delhi capital
Murad I
made the Byzantine empire a vassal, Janissaries (no money for Byzantines), defeated Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389
Sublime Porte
office of the grand vezir
Suleyman I the Magnificent
overextends the Ottoman Empire, Hungary defeated at the Battle of Mohác at Danube, kicked out of Vienna, Battle of Lepanto Spanish conquer
zamindars
people that collected taxes from the peasants on land instead of salary MUGHALS
beys
principle governors in the Ottoman Empire
harem
sacred place
sultan
sovereign of the Ottoman Empire
an official called the grand vezir
the Ottoman imperial council was presided over by
Carlowitz
the Ottomans lost a significant amount of territory, including Transylvania and much of Hungary, to Austria in the Treaty of
the Bosporus and the Dardanelles
the Ottomans seized two important bodies of water that allowed them to put increased pressure on the declining Byzantine Empire
people of the book
the Ottomans were very open to religions and considered Jewish and Christians:
Persia, Iran
the Safavid Empire encompassed much of what was the ancient empire of _________ and the modern country of _________.
Uzbek Turks
the Safavids beginning under the reign of Shah Ismail derived from
Vienna
the advance of the Turks into Europe was stopped by the defeat of Suleyman the Magnificent at
Persian and Islamic
the arts and architecture of the Mughals were primarily a blend of what two styles?
Divine Faith
the belief that the emperor was infallible
the sultan's mother
the emperor's household was administered by
the Topkapi Palace
the palace of the sultan and the chief administrative headquarters for the empire was called
beys
the provincial governors who administered the Balkan settlements for the Ottomans were called
Mehmet II
the successful attack against Constantinople in 1453 was led by
the sultan's mother
the sultan's household was administered by
zamindar system
the system of collecting taxes
sacred place
the term "harem" is translated how in English?
Osman
the tribal leader of the Turkish group later referred to as the Ottomans, who first began consolidating their power in the northwestern corner of the Anatolian peninsula in the late thirteenth century
all three empires
their period of fairly rapid rise was followed by a period of at least some degree of decline, at some point in their history, women (at least those in the upper classes) had some property rights and/or might be educated, and they were primary Islamic. which empires do these characteristics belong to? safavids, mughals, ottomans, all three empires
Akhbar
these characteristics describe the Mughal Empire under which ruler? foreign trade thrived, tariffs were low, and Indian goods were traded for gold and silver
Janissaries
they were recruited from the Christian population in the Balkans, they served as soldiers or administrators, and they provided a loyal elite guard to protect the sultan and his palace
Babur
this Mughal ruler was the founder, named __________, and had local allies, modern artillery, and was vigorous and charismatic.
devshirme
training system of Christian boys as soldiers
Osman
tribal leader and founder of Ottoman Empire who expanded power in northwestern Anatolian Peninsula, Bosporus and Dardanelles
Nadir Shah Afshar
tries to help gain back lost territories from the Ottomans during Abbas I the Great's ruling
Kosovo
under Murad I, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of _________, which is still today considered a bitter event by Serbian nationalists
Red Fort
what is a major MUGHAL monument found in Delhi
Taj Mahal
what is the major monument that was built during the MUGHAL empire in Agra
Delhi
what was the MUGHAL capital of Agra moved to
already Muslim
why didn't Selim's forces have a lot of influence in Africa after defeating Syria in 1516?