Chapter 16 WH

Akhbar

14 when became MUGHAL king, extended territory hugely, semiautonomous principalities, nice ruler, open view on religion, Divine Faith, zamindars, jizya, peace and prosperity, trade and commerce

1580

Abbas I the Great signs peace agreement with the Ottomans that causes much loss of territory

Treaty of Carlowitz

Austria gets Transylvania and Hungary (Ottomans lose territory)

Janissaries

Christians converted to Islam, foot soldiers and administrators

Istanbul

Constantinople is renamed

Aurengzeb

MUGHAL emperor, took away sati, castration of eunuchs, and exacting of illegal taxes, no more Hindu temples, Hindu poll tax restored

Akbar, Aurengzeb

Mughal ruler __________ took away the Hindu poll tax, but it was later restored by Mughal ruler _________.

Seljuk Turks

Osman emerged from a Turkish tribe called the

Serbians and Bulgars

Ottomans allied with these forces in order to take control of Bosporus and the Dardenelles, which was very smart because these people already wanted to take over Byzantines

Abbas I the Great

Ottomans return forcing this Safavid ruler to sign treaty that loses much territory, similar system to Janissaries based on merit, strengthens army, more Shiite in court, women put under veils, other religions NOT ACCEPTED, unrest

Battle of Mohác at Danube

Ottomans under Suleyman I the Magnificent defeat Hungary

Isfahan

Safavid capital Tabriz moves to

Egypt

Selim I defeated the Mamluks in __________.

Sufis, Shiite

Shah Ismail and the original leaders of the Safavids were originally from a tribe made up of ________, but they became strong adherents of the _________ version of Islam instead as their power grew.

red-heads

Shiites in the Safavid Empire that wore red caps with 12 folds that represent the 12 imams

Battle of Lepanto

Spanish conquer Ottoman Empire under Suleyman I the Magnificent

Mehmet II, 1453

The Turks under ________ finally conquered Constantinople in __________.

India

_____'s economy suffered from the following ways from the takeover of much of its commerce by the Europeans: transfer of capital from Indian aristocracy into European hands, weakening of local industry as European imports were allowed in duty free, confiscation of their land when unable to pay taxes collected by Europeans

Dardanelles, Bosporus

after gaining control of the _________ and the __________, the Ottomans under Orkhan I were able to begin expansion into the Balkans

Orkhan I

allied with the Serbians to take over Byzantine Empire, beys collected peasant taxes, first to name himself the sultan

English

although the Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach the coast of India, the _________ are the ones who had the greatest impact on India.

Akhbar

although this Mughal emperor was Muslim, he upset devout Muslims at his court by tolerating Hindu practices and taking a Hindu wife, welcoming discussions with Jesuits who were in the country to spread Christianity, and sponsoring a new form of worship called Divine Faith, which focused on the believe that the emperor was infallible.

Battle of Kosovo

battle fought where the Ottoman Empire under Murad I defeated the Serbs in 1389

Battle at Tabriz

battle on the West Caspian fought by Selim I (Ottoman ruler) and Ismail (Safavid ruler)

Divine Faith

began with Akhbar MUGHAL, infallibility of emperor, not popular at all

topkapi

cannon gate, Ottoman Empire

Mehmet II

captured Constantinople in 1453 and renames it Istanbul, went across the Golden Horn

grand vezir

chief minister of the Ottoman Empire

Shah Ismail

conquers Iran and Iraq, promotes rebellion, against Ottomans, Selim I defeats Safavids under this ruler at Battle of Tabriz, moves capital from Tabriz to Isfahan

Selim I

defeats Safavid Empire, expands to Egypt and Syria, Mamluks

Babur

descendant of Genghis Khan, inherited land NW, seized Kabul (near Khyber Pass India) helped ailing dynasty, advanced weapons and elephants, captured Delhi in North India, MUGHALS

caliphate

first the Seljuk Turks and then later the Ottoman Turks tried to reestablish what kind of polity over the territory they controlled?

Shah Ismail

founder of the Safavid Empire

jizya

head tax taken from Hindus MUGHAL empire

4

how many times a week do the imperial council under the grand vezir meet a week?

sipahis

in general, the local elite cavalry within the Ottoman

Sunni

in terms of religion, the Ottoman rulers were primarily

Vienna

in their several attempts to take over southeastern Europe, the Ottomans were stopped at

Shah Jahan

killed anyone in his way, expanded MUGHAL boundaries, no treasury bc of greedy mom, raised taxes, military campaigns, no infrastructure improvement, Agra capital to Delhi capital

Murad I

made the Byzantine empire a vassal, Janissaries (no money for Byzantines), defeated Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389

Sublime Porte

office of the grand vezir

Suleyman I the Magnificent

overextends the Ottoman Empire, Hungary defeated at the Battle of Mohác at Danube, kicked out of Vienna, Battle of Lepanto Spanish conquer

zamindars

people that collected taxes from the peasants on land instead of salary MUGHALS

beys

principle governors in the Ottoman Empire

harem

sacred place

sultan

sovereign of the Ottoman Empire

an official called the grand vezir

the Ottoman imperial council was presided over by

Carlowitz

the Ottomans lost a significant amount of territory, including Transylvania and much of Hungary, to Austria in the Treaty of

the Bosporus and the Dardanelles

the Ottomans seized two important bodies of water that allowed them to put increased pressure on the declining Byzantine Empire

people of the book

the Ottomans were very open to religions and considered Jewish and Christians:

Persia, Iran

the Safavid Empire encompassed much of what was the ancient empire of _________ and the modern country of _________.

Uzbek Turks

the Safavids beginning under the reign of Shah Ismail derived from

Vienna

the advance of the Turks into Europe was stopped by the defeat of Suleyman the Magnificent at

Persian and Islamic

the arts and architecture of the Mughals were primarily a blend of what two styles?

Divine Faith

the belief that the emperor was infallible

the sultan's mother

the emperor's household was administered by

the Topkapi Palace

the palace of the sultan and the chief administrative headquarters for the empire was called

beys

the provincial governors who administered the Balkan settlements for the Ottomans were called

Mehmet II

the successful attack against Constantinople in 1453 was led by

the sultan's mother

the sultan's household was administered by

zamindar system

the system of collecting taxes

sacred place

the term "harem" is translated how in English?

Osman

the tribal leader of the Turkish group later referred to as the Ottomans, who first began consolidating their power in the northwestern corner of the Anatolian peninsula in the late thirteenth century

all three empires

their period of fairly rapid rise was followed by a period of at least some degree of decline, at some point in their history, women (at least those in the upper classes) had some property rights and/or might be educated, and they were primary Islamic. which empires do these characteristics belong to? safavids, mughals, ottomans, all three empires

Akhbar

these characteristics describe the Mughal Empire under which ruler? foreign trade thrived, tariffs were low, and Indian goods were traded for gold and silver

Janissaries

they were recruited from the Christian population in the Balkans, they served as soldiers or administrators, and they provided a loyal elite guard to protect the sultan and his palace

Babur

this Mughal ruler was the founder, named __________, and had local allies, modern artillery, and was vigorous and charismatic.

devshirme

training system of Christian boys as soldiers

Osman

tribal leader and founder of Ottoman Empire who expanded power in northwestern Anatolian Peninsula, Bosporus and Dardanelles

Nadir Shah Afshar

tries to help gain back lost territories from the Ottomans during Abbas I the Great's ruling

Kosovo

under Murad I, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of _________, which is still today considered a bitter event by Serbian nationalists

Red Fort

what is a major MUGHAL monument found in Delhi

Taj Mahal

what is the major monument that was built during the MUGHAL empire in Agra

Delhi

what was the MUGHAL capital of Agra moved to

already Muslim

why didn't Selim's forces have a lot of influence in Africa after defeating Syria in 1516?