Chapter 16.1 The Nature of Leadership

Ugar is the department head of the cardiac wing at a hospital. His staff understands his vision for the cardiac wing, and he encourages their cooperation on strategic decisions that support that vision. Which of the following is a likely skill Ugar uses to lead people?

Aligning people - Ugar is likely to possess the skill of aligning people. Aligning people is a skill that distinguishes leaders from managers. This requires communicating the direction by words and deeds to everyone whose cooperation may be needed to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the visions and strategies and accept their validity.

Which of the following is true of referent power?

It is based on identification, loyalty, or charisma. - Referent power is abstract. It is based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma.

Leadership vs Management

Leadership vs Management

Meaning of Leadership

Meaning of Leadership

Which of the following is a function of management, but not leadership?

Planning and budgeting - Management uses planning and budgeting. It does this by establishing detailed steps and timetables for achieving needed results, as well as allocating the resources necessary to make those needed results happen.

Why is management needed in organizations?

To achieve orderly results - Organizations need both management and leadership if they are to be effective. Leadership is necessary to create change, and management is necessary to achieve orderly results. Management in conjunction with leadership can produce orderly change.

Which of the following is a property of leadership?

Being accepted as a leader by others - As a property, leadership is the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders. Thus, leaders are (1) people who can influence the behaviors of others without having to rely on coercion or (2) people whom others accept as leaders.

Nancy tells her staff that they must finish their project by the end of the day, even if that means working until midnight. When Pallavi told Nancy she had a meeting and could not stay, Nancy said she would do her best to have Pallavi fired if she did not stay. Which type of power does Nancy rely on?

Coercion - A manager is using coercion when she suggests or implies that the subordinate will be punished, fired, or reprimanded if he does not do something.

A manager who uses punishment and emotional threat to lead is using which type of leadership power?

Coercive - Coercive power is the power to force compliance by means of psychological, emotional, or physical threat. The more a manager uses coercive power, the more likely he or she is to provoke resentment and hostility and the less likely the manager is to be seen as a leader.

Steve's usual method for getting his staff to do their jobs is to threaten to dock their pay or put reprimands in their files if they do not comply. This is an example of which type of power?

Coercive - This is an example of coercive power. Coercive power is the power to force compliance by means of psychological, emotional, or physical threat.

When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be done by a manager, regardless of leadership skills?

Delegate responsibility - Developing a human network is a management function of organizing and staffing. This requires establishing some structure for accomplishing plan requirements, staffing that structure with individuals, delegating responsibility and authority for carrying out the plan, providing policies and procedures to help guide people, and creating methods or systems to monitor implementation.

On Kaia's most recent performance review, it was noted that she is to work on developing a vision for her department and her employees, as well as how to achieve those goals. Which leadership skill has Kaia been asked to work on?

Establishing direction - Establishing direction is a leadership skill associated with creating an agenda. This includes developing a vision of the future, often the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.

Atmir has extensive experience in biology research, and he is frequently asked to speak at conferences on his latest work. Many in the lab want to work with him just to learn from him. Which type of power does Atmir possess?

Expert - Atmir has expert power. Expert power is derived from information or expertise.

As a manager, Azim holds a lot of referent power. He must tell his staff that he needs as many of them as possible to work this coming weekend because a project is behind schedule. He knows some employees will be upset. What type of power can Azim use to encourage loyalty and teamwork from his staff?

Inspirational appeal - Sometimes a manager can induce a subordinate to do something consistent with a set of higher ideals or values through inspirational appeal. Referent power plays a role in determining the extent to which an inspirational appeal is successful because its effectiveness depends at least in part on the persuasive abilities of the leader.

Duane is the department head of the production unit at Lelov Technology. He is considered a great leader. Duane is particularly noted for his ability to execute plans by energizing people to overcome problems. He does this by fulfilling the basic needs of his employees, such as respect and the need for fulfillment. Which of the following leadership functions describes Duane's actions?

Inspiring - Motivating and inspiring are leadership skills associated with executing plans. This requires energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic, and resource barriers by satisfying very basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs.

Although she could have refused the project, Marah agreed to work on it because she knows that if she does well, her manager will consider her for a promotion. Which type of power is Marah's manager using?

Instrumental compliance - Another use of power is instrumental compliance, which is based on the reinforcement theory of motivation. In this form of exchange, a subordinate complies to get a reward the manager controls.

What can leadership, in conjunction with management skills, do for an organization?

Keep it aligned with its environment.. - Management in conjunction with leadership can produce orderly change, and leadership in conjunction with management can keep the organization properly aligned with its environment.

After several years of service at her company, Melanie was just promoted to a middle management position. This promotion gives Melanie which type of power?

Legitimate - Legitimate power is power granted through the organizational hierarchy; it is the power defined by the organization to be accorded to people occupying a particular position.

Which type of power is granted by the organization hierarchy to be accorded to people occupying a particular position?

Legitimate - Legitimate power is the power granted through the organizational hierarchy; it is the power defined by the organization to be accorded to people occupying a particular position.

During her performance appraisal, Ozlem's manager suggested she consider a transfer to another department. She told her manager she enjoys her current job and the people she works with. Ozlem's manager explained that if Ozlem were to transfer, she would likely be considered for project management positions within a year, a great benefit to her career. What did Ozlem's manager use to help her see the benefits of this new position?

Rational persuasion - Rational persuasion occurs when the manager can convince the subordinate that compliance is in the subordinate's best interests. In some ways, rational persuasion is like reward power, except that the manager does not directly control the reward.

Ramkumar has a lot of charisma, and his coworkers enjoy working on projects with him because they can identify with him and his attitudes. Many of his coworkers have adopted a similar work schedule, and the same style of dress as Ramkumar. Which type of power does Ramkumar have?

Referent - Referent power is evident when employees connect in some way with a leader, who may be like them in personality, background, or attitudes. In other situations, followers might choose to imitate a leader with referent power by wearing the same kind of clothing, working the same hours, or espousing the same management philosophy.

Raul is preparing performance reviews and salary increase suggestions for his staff, which he will then submit to his manager for approval. When determining praise and recognition, which type of power will Raul need to use?

Reward - Reward power is the power to give or withhold rewards. Rewards that a manager may control include salary increases, bonuses, promotion recommendations, praise, recognition, and interesting job assignments.

Steve decides how projects are assigned to his staff and has final approval on overtime hours. Which type of power is this?

Reward - This is an example of reward power. Reward power is the power to give or withhold rewards, including better job assignments and extra hours/pay.

Types of Power that Affects Others

Types of Power that Affects Others

Using Power Part 1`

Using Power Part 1`

Using Power Part 2

Using Power Part 2

The use of noncoercive influence to shape the group's goals and motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals is the definition of the _____.

process of leadership - Leadership, as a process, is the use of noncoercive influence to shape the group's or organization's goals, motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and help define group or organizational culture.