chapter 17 history

Under difficult conditions during the Thirty Years' War, Maria Cunitz wrote a treatise on ___________ that corrected the calculations of previous scholars but, given its controversial nature, had to be published privately.

Astronomy

Because _________ universities and scientific academies refused to admit women, in contrast to their counterparts in other countries, the salon became a bastion of well-placed and respected female scholars.

French

Copernicus began his studies at the University of __________, the only eastern European school to offer courses in astronomy.

Kraków

The portolan (nautical chart) drawn by Pedro Reinel is the earliest known map to include _____________.

Lines of latitude

England differed from other states of Europe (such as Prussia, France, Spain, and Austria, for instance) in all of the following EXCEPT:

Parliament had no interest in creating or maintaining a centralized bank, believing that it would exert too powerful an influence on laissez faire economics.

All of the following are true of Maria Cunitz, one of the most remarkable scientific thinkers of the seventeenth century, EXCEPT:

She was a nun who lived and studied among the Cistercian monks.

When the Catholic Reformation drove the New Sciences to northwestern Europe, the Italian-style academies gave way to chartered royal societies, the first of which was founded in ______ in 1660.

britian

The "Newtonian synthesis" was:

not A unification of the fields of physics and astronomy.

Experiments in the _______ with movable metal typeface resulted in the innovation of the printing press.

1430s

Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in ________ with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop.

1517

The New Sciences were allowed to flourish in northern Europe, especially in the Netherlands and England, mainly because of:

A certain liberty of investigation that other areas lacked.

The English Civil War (1642-1651) resulted in:

A short-lived theocracy.

The Jewish community of ___________ excommunicated Baruch Spinoza for heresy, since he seemed to make God immanent in the world.

Amsterdam

A standoff between the Parliament and King _________ of England (and Scotland) led to civil war and the king's execution in 1649.

Charles I

As part of his reforms, Tsar Peter I "the Great" ______________ the remaining free farmers outside the estate system of the aristocracy.

Classified and taxed as serfs

Despite his appearance in the city in 1536, it was well into the 1550s before John Calvin's form of Protestantism prevailed in __________.

Geneva

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts.

Greek and Roman

Among most of the countries of Europe, the Netherlands was exceptional in its finances in that:

Its urban residents were willing to pay higher taxes on manufactures and farming.

"Intendants" were:

Representatives of the French crown who kept an eye on provincial office holders.

The Baroque artistic aesthetic could best be described as:

Voluptuous and dramatic