Chapter 17

Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream:

-Degradation by enzymes -excretion by the kidneys

The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the

Adenphypophysis

The zona reticularis secretes

Androgens

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________.

CRH

Glucagon causes adipose cells to release what macromolecule into the bloodstream?

Fatty Acids

In diabetes mellitus, there is and excess of _____, a condition otherwise known as glycosuria

Glucose in the urine

Insulin promotes

Glyeogenolysis

Pituitary dwarfism exists at birth and is due to inadequate ________ hormone production.

Growth

Decreased levels of blood glucose is to ____

Hypoglycemia

If one is administered high doses of corticosterone, they may experience which of the following side effects?

Immunosuppression

Glucagon causes target cells in the ______ to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream

Liver

Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?

Neural Humoral Hormonal

Which are the hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and ADH

Which two hypothalamic nuclei are associated with the posterior pituitary gland?

Paraventricular Supraoptic

which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?

Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Adrenal Gland

GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis; as a result, blood sugar levels

Rise

Match each type of hormone interaction with an example in the body:

Synergistic - Estrogen and progestrone are more powerful together than alone Permissive - Oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in the absence of prolactin Antagonistic - Glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar levels respectively

In order to stimulate the thyroid gland, there has to be a release of ________ from the hypothalamus.

TRH

The anterior pituitary gland secretes ________ to stimulate the follicular cells of the thyroid gland to release _______.

TSH, TH

Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones involved in the fight/flight sympathetic response, are produced in what region of the adrenal gland?

adrenal medulla

What are the most common glucocorticoids?

cortisol and corticosterone

when the thyroid hormone levels rise in the bloodstream, they thyroid gland _______

decreases the secretion of TH (thyroid hormone)

As the body attempts to resist stress and repair injured or damaged tissue, it releases increased levels of which corticosteroids?

glucocorticoids

The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH in response to a stimulus from what region of the brain?

hypothalamus

elevated levels of glucagon result in which of the following?

increased glycogenolysis, increased lipolysis, increased blood sugar levels

Thyroid hormones have which of the following effects?

increasing metabolism increasing body temperature

The zona glomerulosa synthesizes a group of hormones collectively called ________.

mineralocorticoids

The neurons in the hypothalamus that extend to the posterior pituitary gland are called ________ cells because they secrete hormones.

neurosecretory

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by way of the hypothalmo-hypophyseal ______ system.

portal

the middle layer of the adrenal cortex is called the________

zona fasciculata