Chapter 17
Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream:
-Degradation by enzymes -excretion by the kidneys
The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the
Adenphypophysis
The zona reticularis secretes
Androgens
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ________.
CRH
Glucagon causes adipose cells to release what macromolecule into the bloodstream?
Fatty Acids
In diabetes mellitus, there is and excess of _____, a condition otherwise known as glycosuria
Glucose in the urine
Insulin promotes
Glyeogenolysis
Pituitary dwarfism exists at birth and is due to inadequate ________ hormone production.
Growth
Decreased levels of blood glucose is to ____
Hypoglycemia
If one is administered high doses of corticosterone, they may experience which of the following side effects?
Immunosuppression
Glucagon causes target cells in the ______ to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream
Liver
Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?
Neural Humoral Hormonal
Which are the hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin and ADH
Which two hypothalamic nuclei are associated with the posterior pituitary gland?
Paraventricular Supraoptic
which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?
Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Adrenal Gland
GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis; as a result, blood sugar levels
Rise
Match each type of hormone interaction with an example in the body:
Synergistic - Estrogen and progestrone are more powerful together than alone Permissive - Oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in the absence of prolactin Antagonistic - Glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar levels respectively
In order to stimulate the thyroid gland, there has to be a release of ________ from the hypothalamus.
TRH
The anterior pituitary gland secretes ________ to stimulate the follicular cells of the thyroid gland to release _______.
TSH, TH
Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones involved in the fight/flight sympathetic response, are produced in what region of the adrenal gland?
adrenal medulla
What are the most common glucocorticoids?
cortisol and corticosterone
when the thyroid hormone levels rise in the bloodstream, they thyroid gland _______
decreases the secretion of TH (thyroid hormone)
As the body attempts to resist stress and repair injured or damaged tissue, it releases increased levels of which corticosteroids?
glucocorticoids
The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH in response to a stimulus from what region of the brain?
hypothalamus
elevated levels of glucagon result in which of the following?
increased glycogenolysis, increased lipolysis, increased blood sugar levels
Thyroid hormones have which of the following effects?
increasing metabolism increasing body temperature
The zona glomerulosa synthesizes a group of hormones collectively called ________.
mineralocorticoids
The neurons in the hypothalamus that extend to the posterior pituitary gland are called ________ cells because they secrete hormones.
neurosecretory
The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by way of the hypothalmo-hypophyseal ______ system.
portal
the middle layer of the adrenal cortex is called the________
zona fasciculata