Chapter 17 The Endocrine System Review Questions

Name the organs that contain target cells for oxytocin?

Prostate, ductus deferens, mammary glands, and the uterus

Why is it that steroid hormones use receptors inside of target cells, whereas protein, peptide, and amino acid hormones do not?

Steroids can cross the cell membrane because they are lipids, and the membrane is lipid.

Adrenal Glands or Suprarenal glands regulate our metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress. T/F

T

If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which hormones?

TSH, ACTH, PRL

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________. a. abnormally low levels of cortisol b. abnormally high levels of cortisol c. abnormally low levels of aldosterone d. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

abnormally high levels of cortisol

Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via ________. a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. osmosis

active transport

What gland produces a secretion that causes fight-or-flight responses in effectors? adrenal medulla salivary gland reproductive gland thymus

adrenal medulla

The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces ______________ . The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces _____________ . The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces __________________ . The suprarenal medulla produces __________________ .

androgens glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids catecholamines

The walls of the atria produce which hormone? a. cholecystokinin b. atrial natriuretic peptide c. renin d. calcitriol

atrial natriuretic peptide

Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________. a. blood calcium levels b. secretion of growth hormone c. blood oxygen levels d. muscle mass

blood oxygen levels

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein called __________________ .

calmodulin

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a. chromaffin cells b. neuroglial cells c. follicle cells d. oxyphil cells

chromaffin cells

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is _____________ . A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is _____________ . Cushing's disease results from an excess of ___________________ .

cortisol aldosterone glucocorticoids

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________. a. increased tolerance for cold b. decreased basal metabolic rate c. decreased body fat d. osteoporosis

decreased basal metabolic rate

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________. a. development of T cells b. preparation of the body for childbirth c. regulation of appetite d. release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

development of T cells

The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________. a. declining levels of light b. exposure to bright light c. the secretion of serotonin d. the activity of pinealocytes

exposure to bright light

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by decreased levels of insulin. decreased numbers of insulin receptors. failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH. increased numbers of ADH receptors. increased levels of ADH.

failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? increased bone deposition fractures convulsions all of the above

fractures

The end result of the RAAS is to ________. a. reduce blood volume b. increase blood glucose c. reduce blood pressure d. increase blood pressure

increase blood pressure

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? a. estrogens b. progesterone c. relaxin d. inhibin

inhibin

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? estrogens progesterone relaxin inhibin

inhibin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is _______. If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting ___________

insulin glucagon

Name hormones which are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?

insulin and epinephrine

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? a. thyroid b. liver c. kidneys d. hypothalamus

kidneys

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? thyroid liver kidneys hypothalamus

kidneys

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. a. blood vessels b. nerve axons c. cartilage d. bone

nerve axons

The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? a. oral ectoderm b. neural ectoderm c. mesoderm d. endoderm

oral ectoderm

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________. a. autocrine b. paracrine c. endocrine d. neuron

paracrine

Which of the following responses s not part of the fight-or-flight response? a. pupil dilation b. increased oxygen supply to the lungs c. suppressed digestion d. reduced mental activity

reduced mental activity

The gonads produce what class of hormones? amine hormones peptide hormones steroid hormones catecholamines

steroid hormones

Hormones can be divided into diverse groups based on their chemistry. These categories include peptides, ________, eicosanoids, amino acid ___________

steroids derivatives

All _________ cells have hormone receptors.

target

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________. urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines the activity of osteoblasts the activity of osteoclasts

the activity of osteoclasts

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________. a. melatonin b. thyroid hormone c. growth hormone d. insulin

thyroid hormone

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, gene ______________ is initiated.

transcription

What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil? norepinephrine acetylcholine epinephrine serotonin

ACh

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which hormone.

ADH

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of _____

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes: _____. The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is _____. The hormone oxytocin is produced in the ____________.

ADH MSH hypothalamus

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? a. The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. b. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated. c. Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced. d. The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated.

Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.

When you do not eat timely meals your blood glucose levels fall and __________, insulin is released. glucagon is released. skeletal muscle cells convert glucose into glycogen for storage. protein synthesis increases.

glucagon is released

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? a. ADH b. oxytocin c. TSH d. cortisol

TSH

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? ADH oxytocin TSH cortisol

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is _________ . The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is ___________ . The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is ___________ . The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is __________. The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is ____________ The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is ___________________. The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is _________ .

TSH ACTH FSH LH prolactin somatotropin ADH

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________. TSH from the hypothalamus TSH from the anterior pituitary thyroxine from the anterior pituitary thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells

TSH from the anterior pituitary

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________. a. TSH from the hypothalamus b. TSH from the anterior pituitary c. thyroxine from the anterior pituitary d. thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells

TSH from the anterior pituitary

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? a. It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. b. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. c. It manufactures three hormones. d. all of the above

all of the above (It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx, The parathyroid glands are embedded within it, It manufactures three hormones)

The main action of ___________ hormone is increased water conservation by kidneys.

antidiuretic

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? a. adrenocorticotropic hormone b. antidiuretic hormone c. luteinizing hormone d. all of the above

antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? adrenocorticotropic hormone antidiuretic hormone luteinizing hormone all of the above

antidiuretic hormone

The primary function of ADH is to ___________ the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

decrease

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

epinephrine.

The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________. declining levels of light exposure to bright light the secretion of serotonin the activity of pinealocytes

exposure to bright light

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? a. increased bone deposition b. fractures c. convulsions d. all of the above

fractures

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause ____________.

gigantism

Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have what results?

loss of ADH secretion

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive? a. humoral b. hormonal c. neural d. positive feedback

neural

All ___________ cells have hormone receptors. totipotent receptor target stem

target

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________. a. urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys b. a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines c. the activity of osteoblasts d. the activity of osteoclasts

the activity of osteoclasts

The development of a goiter indicates that ________. a. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged b. there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells c. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles d. the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________. abnormally low levels of cortisol abnormally high levels of cortisol abnormally low levels of aldosterone abnormally high levels of aldosterone

abnormally high levels of cortisol

When you do not eat timely meals your blood glucose levels fall and __________, insulin is released. glucagon is released. skeletal muscle cells convert glucose into glycogen for storage. protein synthesis increases. fat cells increase their rates of triglyceride synthesis.

glucagon is released.

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________. development of T cells preparation of the body for childbirth regulation of appetite release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

development of T cells

Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture ADH and ___________ . Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release FSH, TSH, ACTH and ______.

oxytocin GH

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? a. somatostatin b. pancreatic polypeptide c. insulin d. glucagon

glucagon

If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?

glucagon

The hormone ___________ promotes uterine contractions, is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands and triggers prostate gland contraction.

oxytocin

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

0

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually a ________.

G protein

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.0 c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.

Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

Endocrine cells release their secretions ________ into body fluids such as blood. ________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. It might alter a membrane channel by changing its ______, thereby affecting what can go through it. Hormones known as "catecholamines" are derivatives of the amino acid __________. Peptide hormones are composed of ______ _____.

directly Hormones shape tyrosine amino acids

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

endocrine

What cells secrete melatonin? a. melanocytes b. pinealocytes c. suprachiasmatic nucleus cells d. retinal cells

pinealocytes

What cells secrete melatonin? melanocytes pinealocytes suprachiasmatic nucleus cells retinal cells

pinealocytes

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ________. a. prepare the breasts for lactation b. nourish the placenta c. regulate the menstrual cycle d. all of the above

prepare the breasts for lactation

PRL is to ________ as ADH is to ________.

prolactin; vasopressin

The human endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. is not involved in homeostasis. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

Endocrine glands ________. a. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs b. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream d. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

Endocrine glands ________. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which hormone?

sex hormones

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called ___________.

somatomedins

The gonads produce what class of hormones? a. amine hormones b. peptide hormones c. steroid hormones d. catecholamines

steroid hormones