Chapter 17 - The Special Senses

_____________ cause(s) a loss of transparency of the lens and may cause blindness. A. Cataracts B. Astigmatisms C. Corneal abrasions D. Glaucoma E. Meniere's disease

A) Cataracts

Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids? A.Palpebral fissure B.Levator palpebrae C.Lacrimal caruncle D.Lateral commissure E.Conjunctiva

A) Palpebral fissure

This outer layer of dense connective tissue serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball. A.Sclera B.Pupil C.Iris D.Cornea E.Retina

A) Sclera

This lies between the lens and the retina. A.Vitreous chamber B.Anterior chamber C.Anterior cavity D.Cornea E.Aqueous humor

A) Vitreous chamber

Binocular vision A.gives better depth perception. B.provides more accurate color vision. C.is only seen in humans. D.occurs when one eye focuses on two separate objects. E.is all of these choices

A) gives better depth perception.

Which of the following structures contains otoliths (ear stones)? A. macula of the saccule B. cupula of the crista C. tectorial membrane of the organ of Corti D. basilar membrane of the cochlear duct E. tympanic membrane

A) macula of the saccule

Adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant A.occurs rapidly. B.increases sensitivity to that odorant. C.occurs slowly. D.does not occur. E.enhances gustation.

A) occurs rapidly.

The smell receptors that actually bind the odorants and begin signal transduction are located on A.olfactory hairs. B.glial cells. C.basal stem cells. D.Bowman's glands. E.gustatory receptor cells.

A) olfactory hairs.

During embryonic development, the middle ear develops from a structure called the first A. pharyngeal pouch. B. pharyngeal cleft. C. otic placodes. D. otic vesicle. E. rhombencephalon.

A) pharyngeal pouch.

The olfactory tract A.projects directly to the primary olfactory cortex and to the limbic system and hypothalamus. B.conducts impulses directly to the thalamus. C.contains only motor neurons. D.receives information from the taste buds. E.consists of the olfactory and vestibulocochlear nerves.

A) projects directly to the primary olfactory cortex and to the limbic system and hypothalamus.

Cataract leads to blindness due to A.loss of transparency of the lens. B.a high intraocular pressure. C.photophobia. D.scotoma. E.trachoma.

A. loss of transparency of the lens.

This is a thin mucous membrane that protects the inner aspect of the eyelids and the portion of the sclera covering the anterior surface of the eyeball. A.Palpebral fissure B.Conjunctiva C.Lateral commissure D.Cornea E.Choroid

B) Conjunctiva

Which of the following statements accurately describes the changes in the membrane potential of a photoreceptor cell when light rays strike its photopigments? A. The photoreceptor cell undergoes rapid depolarization. B. The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization. C. A graded potential proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus occurs in the photoreceptor cell. D. No changes in the membrane potential occur. E. The photoreceptor cell creates action potentials at a frequency proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus.

B) The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization.

During embryonic development, the first portion of the ear to develop is the A.middle ear. B.internal ear. C.external ear. D.bony labyrinth. E.membranous labyrinth.

B) internal ear.

Olfactory receptors are found A.throughout the nasal cavity. B.only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity. C.only in the inferior portion of the nasal cavity. D.from the vestibule to the pharynx. E.only in the mid-nasal ridges.

B) only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity.

During embryonic development, the external ear develops from a structure called the first A. pharyngeal pouch. B. pharyngeal cleft. C. otic placodes. D. otic vesicle. E. rhombencephalon.

B) pharyngeal cleft.

Presbycusis refers to age-associated A. progressive loss of hearing in one ear. B. progressive loss of hearing in both ears. C. progressive loss of near-vision. D. otitis media. E. vertigo.

B) progressive loss of hearing in both ears.

Which of the following structures senses change in rotational acceleration of the head in order to help maintain dynamic equilibrium? A.cochlea B.semicircular canals C.maculae of the vestibule D.organ of Corti E.vestibulocochlear nerve

B) semicircular canals

Nerve impulses for the sense of hearing are initiated in the spiral organ (organ of Corti) and then travel through the _________ to the _________. A.cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII; pons B.cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata C.vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII; pons D.vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata E.facial nerve; auditory cortex

B. Cochlear brance of cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata.

How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving each eye? A.10 B.12 C.6 D.4 E.20

C) 6

Which of the types of receptors listed below is primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions? A.olfactory hair cells B.rods C.cones D.ganglion neurons E.amacrine cells

C) Cones

The main function of this structure is to regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil. A.Retina B.Cornea C.Iris D.Choroid E.Ciliary muscle

C) Iris

Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation? A.Vestibulocochlear B.Oculomotor C.Vagus D.Trigeminal E.Spinal accessory

C) Vagus

Infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in A.blood shot eyes. B.inhibition of tear production. C.a sty. D.glaucoma. E.blindness.

C) a sty.

Which of the following molecules is capable of detecting light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina? A. cGMP B. opsin portion of rhodopsin C. cis-retinal D. melanin E. retinal isomerase

C) cis-retinal

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left? A. Macula of the saccule B. macule of the utricle C. crista of a semicircular duct D. organ of Corti E. None of these choices can sense angular acceleration.

C) crista of a semicircular duct

The lens is made of layers of proteins called A.choroids. B.ciliary bodies. C.crystallins. D.cones. E.rods.

C) crystallins.

Which of the following layers of the developing embryo do the eyes develop from? A.endoderm B.mesoderm C.ectoderm D.more than one layer contributes E.none of these choices

C) ectoderm

When sound waves strike this structure, they cause it to vibrate back and forth. A.cochlea B.pinna C.tympanic membrane D.organ of Corti E.vestibulocochlear nerve

C) tympanic membrane

How many days after fertilization do the eyes begin to develop? A.5 B.150 C.10 D.22 E.55

D) 22

This darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeball. A.Sclera B.Conjunctiva C.Iris D.Choroid E.Retina

D) Choroid

Which of the following types of papillae do NOT contain taste buds? A.Vallate B.Fungiform C.Foliate D.Filiform E.Circumvallate

D) Filiform

Which is the correct order in the flow of tears? A.Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity B.Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity C.Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity D.Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity E.Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal duct, nasal cavity

D) Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity

The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the A. optic disk. B. optic chiasm. C. visual cortex of cerebrum. D. lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. E. primary somatosensory area of cerebral cortex.

D) Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is A.activation of amacrine cells. B.absorption of scattered light by the pigmented epithelium. C.interruption of the dark current. D.absorption of light by photopigments. E.generation of action potentials in the optic nerve.

D) absorption of light by photopigments.

Which of the structures listed below converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials? A.macula B.pinna C.tympanic membrane D.organ of Corti E.cupula

D) organ of Corti

Taste buds are found on A.the epiglottis. B.the pharynx. C.the soft palate. D.both epiglottis and pharynx. E.All of these choices

E) All of these choices

This is the transparent layer on the anterior of the eyeball through which the iris can be observed. A.Retina B.Choroid C.Sclera D.Ciliary body E.Cornea

E) Cornea

These receptor cells provide for the sense of taste. A.Olfactory hair cells B.Pacinian corpuscles C.Basal stem cells D.Hair cells E.Gustatory cells

E) Gustatory cells

During embryonic development, the lens of the eye develops directly from an invagination of the lens placodes called the A.optic groove. B.optic vesicle. C.optic stalk. D.prosencephalon. E.lens vesicle.

E) Lens vesicle.

Which of the following are structures of the membranous labyrinth of the inner that are involved in dynamic and static equilibrium? A. vestibule B. saccule C. cochlear duct D. semicircular ducts E. More than one of the above is correct.

E) More than one of the above is correct.

Which is NOT considered an accessory structure of the eye? A. Eyelids B. Eyelashes C. Lacrimal apparatus D. Eyebrows E. Retina

E) Retina

The vestibular nuclei of the brainstem that control equilibrium receives sensory information from all the following areas EXCEPT the A. utricle and saccule. B. semicircular ducts. C. eyes D. proprioceptors in the neck muscles. E. nociceptors in the distal limbs.

E) nociceptors in the distal limbs.

These cells provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptors cells. A.Dendritic cells B.Glial cells C.Basal stem cells D.Bowman's glands E.Supporting cells

E) supporting cells

Which of the following structures carries action potentials generated by sound transduction? A.vagus nerve B.basilar membrane C.tympanic membrane D.organ of Corti E.vestibulocochlear nerve

E) vestibulocochlear nerve