Chapter 17

child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

A) conduct disorder.

The LEAST likely contributor to the differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is: A) economic factors. B) social bias. C) stereotyping. D) differences in drug tolerance.

A) economic factors.

Compared to the mental health professionals of early twentieth century, today's mental health professionals: A) give a lot more attention to the needs and problems of children. B) virtually ignore the needs of children. C) view children as little adults and treat their problems the same way. D) believe all children can recover from psychological and neurodevelopmental disorders.

A) give a lot more attention to the needs and problems of children.

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why: A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys. B) children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults. C) younger children have higher rates of depression than do older children. D) depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children.

A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys.

Which statement is true regarding both children with mild and those with profound intellectual disability (ID)? A) Both have difficulty learning, but children with mild ID can usually support themselves as adults. B) Both have difficulty learning, but children with profound ID are more "educable." C) They have the same level of adaptive functioning, but children with profound ID usually have more health problems. D) They have the same level of adaptive functioning, but children with mild ID usually grow out of it.

B) Both have difficulty learning, but children with profound ID are more "educable."

Erin has moderate intellectual disability, a small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her condition is MOST likely: A) PKU. B) Down syndrome. C) Tay-Sachs disease. D) fragile X syndrome.

B) Down syndrome.

"My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Based on current research, which is the BEST answer? A) "Video modeling works especially well with elementary school children." B) "Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well established." C) "Parent management training should work best." D) "Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation."

C) "Parent management training should work best."

Which statement BEST reflects current research about the biological causes of autism spectrum disorder? A) So far, researchers have found no biological causes for autism spectrum disorder. B) The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's anatomy rather than with brain functioning. C) There are probably multiple biological causes. D) Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the cerebellum, but not the brain stem.

C) There are probably multiple biological causes.

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, "I want food." This child is using a(n): A) self-communication device. B) token economy system. C) augmentative communication system. D) integrative motor system.

C) augmentative communication system.

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in: A) female children rather than in male children. B) adolescents rather than in children. C) children rather than in adults. D) children of former generations rather than of the present generation.

C) children rather than in adults.

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

C) covert-destructive

Parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD ask what caused it. Based on current research, the BEST response is: A) "It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be corrected with surgery." B) "Family dysfunction and high levels of family stress cause ADHD." C) "It results from the reactions of others to a child who is just an active child." D) "Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors."

D) "Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors."

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) produced three major surprises. Which is NOT true about the study's findings? A) A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective. B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment. C) Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone. D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

7. Which of the following is NOT a response to the increased clinical focus on the young? A) There is more focus on children's legal and human rights. B) The special needs of children are becoming more visible. C) More clinicians have called on government agencies to help and protect children. D) The study of treatment of children has slowed down because enough has been conducted.

D) The study of treatment of children has slowed down because enough has been conducted.

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that: A) children display depression, but adults generally do not. B) children display more symptoms of mania than adults do. C) a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder. D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with: A) trisomy 21. B) Down syndrome. C) phenylketonuria. D) fragile X syndrome.

D) fragile X syndrome.

Matt has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on the streets, survives by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with: A) depression. B) dyslexia. C) schizophrenia. D) intellectual disability.

D) intellectual disability.

If you were trying to learn a new language and you could understand it better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST like: A) dyslexia. B) developmental coordination disorder. C) receptive language disorder. D) language disorder.

D) language disorder.

A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents, but she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) childhood schizophrenia. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

D) oppositional defiant disorder.

A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in her life. She puts her toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in her daily routine can set her off. This is an example of: A) overstimulation. B) stimulus over selectivity. C) self-stimulatory behavior. D) perseveration of sameness.

D) perseveration of sameness.

Which person would be diagnosed correctly with intellectual disability? A) someone with an IQ of 85 and significant difficulty communicating B) someone with an IQ of 85 but no other significant difficulties C) someone with an IQ of 65 but functioning well in life D) someone with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

D) someone with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

A 7-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. The BEST diagnosis is: A) enuresis. B) encopresis. C) oppositional defiant disorder. D) conduct disorder.

enuresis

"No way am I sending my child through that program. I've heard horror stories about how kids act once they leave." Based on research, the person who said this would be accurate if expressing reservations about: A) a juvenile training center. B) treatment foster care. C) problem-solving training. D) an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.

A) a juvenile training center.

Compared with typical children, children with autism spectrum disorder are MOST likely to: A) be socially aloof. B) be raised in a family with financial difficulties. C) have cold, rejecting parents. D) have extreme empathy for other people.

A) be socially aloof.

An important concern about using methylphenidate to treat ADHD is that: A) research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on non-Hispanic white American children. B) negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of methylphenidate among adolescents. C) fortunately, methylphenidate is not effective when used as a recreational drug. D) most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated with methylphenidate.

B) negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of methylphenidate among adolescents.

Devonte does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate: A) a conduct disorder. B) school phobia with acting out. C) dyslexia with childhood anxiety. D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.