Chapter 18

53. A patient is diagnosed with leukocytosis if they have more than __________ WBCs/μL. A. 100,000 B. 50,000 C. 10,000 D. 5,000 E. 1,000

10,000

18. A normal hematocrit is __________ of the total blood volume. A. less than 1% B. 47% to 63% C. 25% to 37% D. 42% to 45% E. 37% to 52%

37 to 52

41. A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s). A. no B. anti-A and anti-B C. anti-A D. anti-B E. A and B

A and B

46. A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type __________ and both children are most likely __________. A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive B. A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative C. O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative D. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative E. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive

A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive

40. A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________. A. O; AB B. AB; O C. A; B D. B; A E. O; O

AB ; O

42. Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin? A. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies. B. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies. C. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A antibodies. D. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-O antibodies. E. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-B antibodies.

Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.

44. An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has __________ antigen(s) and can produce anti-__________ antibodies. A. A and D; B B. B and D; A C. B; A and D D. A; B and D E. D; A and B

B and D; A

43. The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is blood type __________. A. AB, Rh-negative B. AB, Rh-positive C. O, Rh-negative D. O, Rh-positive E. ABO, Rh-negative

O, Rh-negative

Blood groups are made up of any surface antigen on formed elements, not just ABO and Rh, and include over 500 known antigens.

True

22. Which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP)? A. Severe liver failure B. A diet predominantly based on red meat C. Starvation D. An extremely low-protein diet E. Hypoproteinemia

a diet predominantly based on red meat

Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by __________. A. a self-amplifying mechanism B. an enzymatic amplification C. a positive feedback loop D. a negative feedback loop E. a cascade effect

a negative feedback loop

What is the most abundant protein in plasma? A. Insulin B. Creatine C. Bilirubin D. Albumin E. Creatinine

albumin

The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with type A, Rh-positive blood is because __________. A. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient B. anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor C. anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient D. anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor

anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor

47. What are the least abundant of the formed elements? A. Platelets B. Basophils C. Erythrocytes D. Neutrophils E. Eosinophils

basophils

50. Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin? A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Neutrophils D. Platelets E. Monocytes

basophils

35. What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin? A. Biliverdin B. Bilirubin C. Globin D. Heme E. Iron

bilirubin

Which of the following is not true of a patient with anemia? A. Their blood viscosity is increased. B. They are lethargic. C. Their blood osmolarity is reduced. D. Their resistance to blood flow is reduced. E. More fluid transfers from their bloodstream into their intercellular spaces.

blood viscosity is increased

52. Some lymphocytes can survive as long as __________. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years E. decades

decades

54. Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukopenia? A. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) B. Lead poisoning C. Radiation therapy D. Dehydration E. Immunosuppressant drugs

dehydration

26. The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor. A. fibrin B. albumin C. sodium D. erythrocytes E. nitrogenous wastes

erythrocytes

Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat? A. Lymphocytes B. Granulocytes C. Erythrocytes D. Agranulocytes E. Platelets

erythrocytes

62. The structural framework of a blood clot is formed by __________. A. soluble fibrinogen B. soluble fibrin C. a fibrin polymer D. a fibrinogen polymer E. a thrombin polymer

fibrin polymer

23. Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________. A. fibrinogen B. nitrogenous wastes C. platelets D. glucose E. albumin

fibrinogen

19. Which of the following is not normally found in plasma? A. Glycogen B. Fibrinogen C. Glucose D. Urea E. Albumin

glycogen

39. The ABO blood group is determined by __________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs. A. glycolipids B. glycoproteins C. antibodies D. antigen-antibody complexes E. agglutinins

glycolipids

28. Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________. A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes B. alpha chains in hemoglobin C. beta chains in hemoglobin D. delta chains in hemoglobin E. heme groups in hemoglobin

heme groups in hemoglobin

20. Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma? A. Albumin B. Hemoglobin C. Transferrin D. Prothrombin E. Fibrinogen

hemoglobin

57. The cessation of bleeding is specifically called __________. A. a vascular spasm B. homeostasis C. hemostasis D. platelet plug formation E. coagulation

hemostasis

68. Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke? A. Thromboplastin B. Fibrinogen C. Fibrin D. Heparin E. Factor X

heparin

30. An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except __________. A. increased hypoxemia B. increased blood osmolarity C. increased RBC production D. increased blood viscosity E. increased hematocrit

increased hypoxemia

58. What is the function of thromboplastin in hemostasis? A. It initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. B. It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. C. It converts prothrombin into thrombin. D. It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss. E. It dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.

initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation

Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia? A. Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow B. Iron deficiency C. Dehydration D. Emphysema E. Excessive aerobic exercise

iron deficiency

38. Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease? A. It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin. B. It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect. C. It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria. D. It is a cause of malaria. E. It is a cause of anemia.

it is the cause of anemia

29. What would happen if all of the hemoglobin contained within the RBCs became free in the plasma? A. It would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity. B. It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries. C. It would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries. D. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity. E. It would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.

it would significantly increase blood osmolarity

65. Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body? A. Spleen B. Red bone marrow C. Perivascular tissue D. Kidneys E. Liver

liver

48. What are the most abundant agranulocytes? A. Macrophages B. Eosinophils C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Neutrophils

lymphocytes

55. What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus? A. Monocyte B. Lymphocyte C. Neutrophil D. Eosinophil E. Basophil

monocyte

49. The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections. A. basophils B. monocytes C. erythrocytes D. eosinophils E. neutrophils

neutrophils

59. When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by __________. A. prothrombin B. thromboplastin C. kallikrein D. plasmin E. platelet-derived growth factor

plasmin

51. Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of __________. A. pluripotent stem cells B. precursor cells C. colony-forming units D. myeloblasts E. lymphoblasts

pluripotent stem cells

Which of the following is not a function of blood? A. Transports a variety of nutrients B. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids C. Participates in the initiation of blood clotting D. Produces plasma hormones E. Helps to regulate body temperature

produces plasma horomes

69. Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for __________. A. hemophilia B. pulmonary embolism C. thrombocytopenia D. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) E. septicemia

pulmonary embolism

25. Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Red bone marrow D. Yellow bone marrow E. Liver

red bone marrow

67. Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found? A. Yellow bone marrow B. Thymus C. Red bone marrow D. Spleen E. Liver

red bone marrow

33. Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia? A. High altitude B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide C. Renal disease D. Smoking E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

renal disease

61. Platelets release __________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. A. heparin B. thrombin C. thromboplastin D. prostacyclin E. serotonin

serotonin

31. Where do most RBCs die? A. Stomach and small intestine B. Red bone marrow C. Spleen and liver D. Lymph nodes and thymus E. Stomach and liver

spleen and liver

66. A patient is suffering from ketoacidosis caused by an unregulated high protein diet. Which function of the blood has been compromised? A. Stabilizing fluid distribution in the body B. Stabilizing the body's pH C. Protecting against microorganisms D. Transporting nutrients E. Transporting hormones

stabilizing the body's pH

60. Which of these does not prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot? A. The presence of tissue thromboplastin B. The smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels C. The dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate D. The presence of antithrombin in plasma E. The presence of heparin in plasma

the presence of tissue thromboplastin

Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs? A. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high. B. There is hyperproteinemia. C. The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high. D. The hematocrit is high. E. There is a dietary protein deficiency.

there is a dietary protein deficiency

64. During coagulation, which of the following is found in the extrinsic mechanism only? A. Calcium B. Prothrombin activator C. Prothrombin D. Thromboplastin E. Thrombin

thromboplastin

56. Which of the following are not secreted by platelets? A. Procoagulants B. Thrombopoietin C. Growth factors D. Vasoconstrictors E. Chemicals that attract neutrophils

thrombopoeiten

63. Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the __________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) __________. A. thrombus; embolus B. embolism; thrombus C. plaque; thrombus D. thrombosis; plaque E. plaque; embolus

thrombus; embolus

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________. A. defend the body against pathogens B. initiate blood clotting C. regulate erythropoiesis D. transport nutrients E. transport some carbon dioxide

transport some carbon dioxide

71. Blood groups are used for legal purposes and in anthropology.

true

37. A deficiency of __________ can cause pernicious anemia. A. vitamin C B. iron C. vitamin B12 D. EPO secretion E. folic acid

vitamin B12