Chapter 18 exam practice questions

The average volume of urine eliminated each day totals:

1500 ml

Which of the following diagnostic procedures allows analysis of the entire large colon?

Colonoscopy

Urine specific gravity of 1:030 indicates:

Concentrated urine.

Obstruction in the renal tubules or colon leads to

Dilation of structures proximal to the obstruction

Retentive incontinence may be caused by

Fear of defecation

Which of the following provides the most objective measurement of renal dysfunction?

Glomerular filtration rate

The area of the large intestine that absorbs the majority of water is the:

Ileum

Altered neuromuscular function may result in

Impaired absorption processes Obstruction Impaired secretion processes

Manifestations of PKD include which one of the following?

Increase in kidney size bilaterally

Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness is a sign of

Kidney infection

Vasa recta are most likely to be found around

Loops of Henle

Steatorrhea is most commonly associated with

Malabsorption syndromes

The intrinsic enteric nervous system component that transmits sensory impulses through stretch receptors in the colon is

Meissner plexus

A characteristic change in stool that may indicate the presence of blood includes which one of the following?

Melena

The enteric nervous system component located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the large intestine :

Myenteric plexus

A GFR of 95 ml/min indicates

Normal renal function

Surgical stone removal is indicated for:

Obstruction of urine flow

Vitamin D inactivation in renal disease is associated with

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is a characteristic of urine that indicates adequate hydration?

Pale color

Detrussor contraction is stimulated by?

Parasympathetic cholinergic fibers

Partial obstructions with manifestations of hard, solidly formed stool are most likely located in which colon segment?

Sigmoid colon

Which of the following foods should be avoided in people with diverticular disease?

Strawberries

Which of the following foods should be avoided in people with renal calculi?

Strawberries

Incontinence caused by exertional stimulus is known as:

Stress incontinence

Which type of urinary incontinence can be attributed to muscle overactivity?

Stress incontinence

The functional unit of the kidney is known as the

Trigone

The most common component of renal calculi is

Uric acid

The process by which fecal contents enters the rectum is known as:

mass movement

Blood in stool that cannot be seen with they naked eye is known as

occult

Stool color is due to?

stercobilin

Which of the following diagnostic criteria is consistent with the diagnosis of encopresis?

Age of 5 years

The form of PKD that first manifests in the early infant period is most commonly characterized as:

Autosomal recessive

In comparing dietary strategies suggested for prevention of both diverticulitis and renal calculi, which one is common to both conditions

Avoidance of nuts and strawberries

Medications for diarrhea that work by absorbing excess fluid in fecal matter in the colon without affecting transport processes across the membrane are known as?

Bulk forming agents

Which of the following increases the risk for renal calculi?

Dehydration

The presence of epithelial cells in urinary casts indicates which of the following pathophysiologic conditions?

acute tubular necrosis

Micturition is stimulated by

bladder filling

Which of the following receptor types requires bright light for generation of nerve impulses?

cones

A single outpouching of the colon wall is called

diverticulum

Which of the following is not characteristic of colic pain?

dull

Inability to voluntarily prevent the discharge of urine is known as:

enuresis

The_________ sphincter is made of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control

external