Chapter 18 exam practice questions
The average volume of urine eliminated each day totals:
1500 ml
Which of the following diagnostic procedures allows analysis of the entire large colon?
Colonoscopy
Urine specific gravity of 1:030 indicates:
Concentrated urine.
Obstruction in the renal tubules or colon leads to
Dilation of structures proximal to the obstruction
Retentive incontinence may be caused by
Fear of defecation
Which of the following provides the most objective measurement of renal dysfunction?
Glomerular filtration rate
The area of the large intestine that absorbs the majority of water is the:
Ileum
Altered neuromuscular function may result in
Impaired absorption processes Obstruction Impaired secretion processes
Manifestations of PKD include which one of the following?
Increase in kidney size bilaterally
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness is a sign of
Kidney infection
Vasa recta are most likely to be found around
Loops of Henle
Steatorrhea is most commonly associated with
Malabsorption syndromes
The intrinsic enteric nervous system component that transmits sensory impulses through stretch receptors in the colon is
Meissner plexus
A characteristic change in stool that may indicate the presence of blood includes which one of the following?
Melena
The enteric nervous system component located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the large intestine :
Myenteric plexus
A GFR of 95 ml/min indicates
Normal renal function
Surgical stone removal is indicated for:
Obstruction of urine flow
Vitamin D inactivation in renal disease is associated with
Osteoporosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of urine that indicates adequate hydration?
Pale color
Detrussor contraction is stimulated by?
Parasympathetic cholinergic fibers
Partial obstructions with manifestations of hard, solidly formed stool are most likely located in which colon segment?
Sigmoid colon
Which of the following foods should be avoided in people with diverticular disease?
Strawberries
Which of the following foods should be avoided in people with renal calculi?
Strawberries
Incontinence caused by exertional stimulus is known as:
Stress incontinence
Which type of urinary incontinence can be attributed to muscle overactivity?
Stress incontinence
The functional unit of the kidney is known as the
Trigone
The most common component of renal calculi is
Uric acid
The process by which fecal contents enters the rectum is known as:
mass movement
Blood in stool that cannot be seen with they naked eye is known as
occult
Stool color is due to?
stercobilin
Which of the following diagnostic criteria is consistent with the diagnosis of encopresis?
Age of 5 years
The form of PKD that first manifests in the early infant period is most commonly characterized as:
Autosomal recessive
In comparing dietary strategies suggested for prevention of both diverticulitis and renal calculi, which one is common to both conditions
Avoidance of nuts and strawberries
Medications for diarrhea that work by absorbing excess fluid in fecal matter in the colon without affecting transport processes across the membrane are known as?
Bulk forming agents
Which of the following increases the risk for renal calculi?
Dehydration
The presence of epithelial cells in urinary casts indicates which of the following pathophysiologic conditions?
acute tubular necrosis
Micturition is stimulated by
bladder filling
Which of the following receptor types requires bright light for generation of nerve impulses?
cones
A single outpouching of the colon wall is called
diverticulum
Which of the following is not characteristic of colic pain?
dull
Inability to voluntarily prevent the discharge of urine is known as:
enuresis
The_________ sphincter is made of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control
external