Chapter 18 Urinary System

The kidneys receive about ___% of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute

20

How much water is reabsorbed from the proximal tubules?

99%

_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume.

ADH

cup-shaped part of the nephron that catches the filtrate

Bowman capsule

The renal corpuscle is made up of two structures:

Bowman corpuscle and glomerulus

The two parts of the renal tubules that extend into the medulla of the kidney are the:

Henle loop and collecting tubule

The hormone ____________ is made in the adrenal cortex and causes the tubules to absorb sodium.

aldosterone

The hormone ________ is released from the posterior pituitary gland and reduces the amount of water lost in the urine.

antidiuretic hormone

The hormone ___________ is made by the heart and stimulates the tubules to secrete sodium.

atrial natriuretic hormone

saclike structure used to hold urine until it is voided

bladder

The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus function to regulate

blood pressure

outer part of the kidney

cortex

The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the

external sphincter muscle of the bladder

The process of ______________ causes substances in the blood to be pushed into the Bowman capsule as a result of blood pressure in the glomerulus.

filtration

Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes?

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

The capillary network that is tucked into Bowman's capsule is the

glomerulus

network of capillaries in the Bowman capsule

glomerulus

The involuntary muscle __________________ is at the exit of the bladder.

internal urethral sphincter

The central, "blood balancing" organ of the urinary system is the

kidney

Attacks of renal colic are caused by

kidney stones

inner layer of the kidney

medulla

The passage of urine from the body or the emptying of the bladder is referred to as

micturition

The tiny, funnel-shapes microscopic structure of the kidney responsible for producing urine is the

nephron

the part of the renal tubules that is located between the proximal and distal tubules

nephron loop

The two parts of the renal tubules that are in the cortex of the kidney are the :

proximal convoluted tubule and Distal convoluted tubule

the triangular divisions in the medulla of the kidney

pyramids

The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries is called

reabsorption

The process of ______________ is the movement of substances out of the renal tubules and into the blood capillaries.

reabsorption

expansion of the ureter in the kidney

renal pelvis

Which of the following is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney?

renal pyramid

The process of __________ is the movement of substances from the blood into the distal tubule or the collecting tube.

secretion

an area of the bladder tat has openings for the two ureters and the urethra

trigone

The condition that occurs when waste products in the blood quickly accumulate to toxic levels is:

uremia

tube connecting the kidney and bladder

ureter

tube leading from the bladder to outside the body

urethra

______________ is a condition in which a person voids urine involuntarily.

urinary incontinence

___________________ is a condition in which the bladder is full and the kidney is producing urine but the bladder is unable to empty itself.

urinary retention

_______________ is a condition in which the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced by the kidneys

urinary suppression