Chapter 18 Urinary System
The kidneys receive about ___% of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
20
How much water is reabsorbed from the proximal tubules?
99%
_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume.
ADH
cup-shaped part of the nephron that catches the filtrate
Bowman capsule
The renal corpuscle is made up of two structures:
Bowman corpuscle and glomerulus
The two parts of the renal tubules that extend into the medulla of the kidney are the:
Henle loop and collecting tubule
The hormone ____________ is made in the adrenal cortex and causes the tubules to absorb sodium.
aldosterone
The hormone ________ is released from the posterior pituitary gland and reduces the amount of water lost in the urine.
antidiuretic hormone
The hormone ___________ is made by the heart and stimulates the tubules to secrete sodium.
atrial natriuretic hormone
saclike structure used to hold urine until it is voided
bladder
The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus function to regulate
blood pressure
outer part of the kidney
cortex
The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the
external sphincter muscle of the bladder
The process of ______________ causes substances in the blood to be pushed into the Bowman capsule as a result of blood pressure in the glomerulus.
filtration
Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes?
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
The capillary network that is tucked into Bowman's capsule is the
glomerulus
network of capillaries in the Bowman capsule
glomerulus
The involuntary muscle __________________ is at the exit of the bladder.
internal urethral sphincter
The central, "blood balancing" organ of the urinary system is the
kidney
Attacks of renal colic are caused by
kidney stones
inner layer of the kidney
medulla
The passage of urine from the body or the emptying of the bladder is referred to as
micturition
The tiny, funnel-shapes microscopic structure of the kidney responsible for producing urine is the
nephron
the part of the renal tubules that is located between the proximal and distal tubules
nephron loop
The two parts of the renal tubules that are in the cortex of the kidney are the :
proximal convoluted tubule and Distal convoluted tubule
the triangular divisions in the medulla of the kidney
pyramids
The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries is called
reabsorption
The process of ______________ is the movement of substances out of the renal tubules and into the blood capillaries.
reabsorption
expansion of the ureter in the kidney
renal pelvis
Which of the following is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney?
renal pyramid
The process of __________ is the movement of substances from the blood into the distal tubule or the collecting tube.
secretion
an area of the bladder tat has openings for the two ureters and the urethra
trigone
The condition that occurs when waste products in the blood quickly accumulate to toxic levels is:
uremia
tube connecting the kidney and bladder
ureter
tube leading from the bladder to outside the body
urethra
______________ is a condition in which a person voids urine involuntarily.
urinary incontinence
___________________ is a condition in which the bladder is full and the kidney is producing urine but the bladder is unable to empty itself.
urinary retention
_______________ is a condition in which the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced by the kidneys
urinary suppression