Chapter 19

55) Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by A) platelets. B) megakaryocytes. C) the liver. D) the kidneys. E) the spleen.

C

43) The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

A

50) Platelets function in all of the following, except A) dissolving a formed clot. B) forming temporary clump in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting.

A

9) A person who has a low blood volume is said to be A) hypovolemic. B) hypervolemic. C) normovolemic. D) isovolemic. E) antivolemic.

A

13) A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is A) albumin alpha. B) fibrinogen. C) immunoglobulin A. D) metalloprotein D. E) lipoprotein C.

B

16) The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except A) the spleen. B) the kidney C) the lymph nodes. D) the red bone marrow. E) the thymus.

B

2) Which of the following statements about blood is false? A) contains buffers that control pH B) normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0 C) is more viscous than water D) is about 55 percent plasma E) None of the above is false all are true.

B

26) A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called A) hyperchromic. B) normochromic. C) hypochromic. D) normocytic. E) macrocytic.

B

34) The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as A) hemocytoblasts. B) reticulocytes. C) band forms. D) myeloid cells. E) proerythrocytes.

B

41) People with type AB blood are considered the universal recipient for transfusions because A) their blood cells lack A and B antigens. B) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins. C) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins. D) they usually have very strong immune systems. E) they are usually Rh negative.

B

47) White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

B

49) A hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is A) M-CSF. B) G-CSF (Neupogen). C) GM-CSF. D) multi-CSF. E) thymosin.

B

57) The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

B

60) The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is A) thrombin. B) plasmin. C) heparin. D) fibrinase. E) phosphokinase.

B

7) Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. B) viscosity about the same as water. C) pH of 7.4 .D) built-in system for clotting. E) deep red color from hemoglobin.

B

11) The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A) globulins. B) transport proteins. C) albumins. D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens.

C

12) Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) immunoglobulins. D) metalloproteins. E) lipoproteins.

C

14) The most abundant component of plasma is A) ions. B) proteins. C) water. D) gases. E) nutrients.

C

18) Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone A) thymosin. B) angiotensin. C) erythropoietin. D) M-CSF. E) renin.

C

19) Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A) Red cells are biconcave discs. B) Red cells lack mitochondria. C) Red cells are about 18 m in diameter. D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen. E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

C

20) The average lifespan of a red blood cell is A) 24 hours. B) 1 month. C) 4 months. D) about 1 year. E) many years.

C

22) More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is A) albumin. B) porphyrin. C) hemoglobin. D) immunoglobulin. E) fibrinogen.

C

24) ________ is a condition in which the oxygen -carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. A) Polycythemia B) Leukemia C) Anemia D) Leukopenia E) Thrombocytopenia

C

29) The waste product bilirubin is produced from A) globin chains of hemoglobin. B) heme molecules plus iron. C) heme molecules lacking iron. D) iron found in hemoglobin molecules. E) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

C

31) In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in A) the liver. B) yellow bone marrow. C) red bone marrow. D) the spleen. E) lymphoid tissue.

C

4) The combination of plasma and formed elements is called A) serum. B) lymph. C) whole blood. D) extracellular fluid. E) packed blood.

C

44) White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes E) monocytes.

C

46) Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) hormone that regulates blood cell formation D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals

C

48) A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is A) M-CSF. B) G-CSF. C) GM-CSF. D) multi-CSF. E) thymosin.

C

5) Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from A) the heart. B) a superficial artery. C) a superficial vein. D) a capillary. E) an arteriole.

C

51) Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called A) erythroblasts. B) normoblasts. C) megakaryocytes. D) myeloblasts. E) lymphoblasts.

C

56) The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

C

59) The process of fibrinolysis A) activates fibrinogen. B) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together C) dissolves clots. D) forms emboli. E) forms thrombi.

C

6) When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from A) the heart. B) the lungs. C) an artery. D) a vein. E) capillaries.

C

8) The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters. A) 10 B) 6 to 8 C) 5.3 D) 4.4 E) 3.8

C

10) The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the A) concentration of water. B) concentration of electrolytes. C) concentration of nitrogen wastes. D) concentration of proteins. E) concentration of glucose.

D

15) All the circulating red blood cells originate in the A) heart. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) red bone marrow. E) lymph tissue.

D

17) Granulocytes form in A) the intestines. B) the spleen. C) the thymus. D) red bone marrow. E) yellow bone marrow.

D

25) Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by A) oral doses of iron. B) injections of iron C) oral doses of vitamin B12. D) injections of vitamin B 12. E) blood transfusion.

D

3) Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? A) 55 percent B) 38 percent C) 60 percent D) 45 percent E) 20 percent

D

39) Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? A) RBCs 5.2 million/ l B) platelets 280,000/ l C) leukocytes 8600/ l D) hemoglobin 10.7 g/100 ml E) hematocrit 44 percent

D

42) All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are A) granular leukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. D) important in coagulation. E) active in fighting bacterial infections.

D

54) ________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. A) Vascular spasm B) The platelet phase C) Retraction D) Coagulation E) Fibrinolysis

D

58) The common pathway of coagulation begins with the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase. E) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

D

1) Which of the following is a function of the blood? A) transport of nutrients and wastes B) transport of body heat C) transport of gases D) defense against toxins and pathogens E) all of the above

E

21) The function of red blood cells is to A) carry carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. B) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body s cells. C) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body s cells. D) defend the body against infectious organisms. E) both A and B

E

23) The function of hemoglobin is to A) carry oxygen. B) carry carbon dioxide. C) aid in the process of blood clotting. D) A, B, and C E) A and B only

E

28) Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the A) spleen. B) liver. C) bone marrow. D) digestive tract. E) A, B, and C

E

32) In adults, red bone marrow is located in the A) sternum and ribs. B) diaphysis of long bones. C) iliac crest, body of vertebrae. D) A, B, and C E) A and C only

E

35) ________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. A) Erythroblasts B) Normoblasts C) Myeloblasts D) Band cells E) Reticulocytes

E

36) Erythropoiesis is stimulated when A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. C) blood flow to the kidney declines D) both A and C E) both B and C

E

45) ________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and freephagocytic cells. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

E

52) Platelets are A) red cells that lack a nucleus. B) blue cells that have a nucleus. C) large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. D) tiny cells with a polynucleus. E) cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

E

53) Platelets are stored as a reserve in case of hemorrhage in A) the splenic vein. B) the splenic artery. C) the spleen. D) other vascular organs. E) C and D only.

E

27) The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme A) fibrinogen-converting enzyme. B) plasmin. C) factor VIII. D) thrombin. E) prothrombinase.

D

30) Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is A) excreted by the kidneys. B) excreted by the liver. C) excreted by the intestines. D) recycled to the red bone marrow. E) stored in yellow bone marrow.

D

33) The process of red blood cell production is called A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis. E) hematopenia.

D

37) The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the A) viscosity. B) specific gravity. C) packed volume. D) hematocrit. E) differential cell count.

D

38) A typical adult hematocrit is A) 85. B) 75. C) 65. D) 45. E) 25.

D

40) A person s blood type is determined largely by the A) size of the RBCs. B) volume of the RBCs. C) chemical character of the hemoglobin. D) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. E) shape of the RBCs.

D