Chapter 19

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in

the spleen

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.

their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result,

they lack a functional intrinsic pathway.

A person whose platelet count is 40,000/µl is suffering from

thrombocytopenia.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

vitamin K

what is the life span of RBCs

120 days

A typical adult hematocrit is

45

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood?

55 percent

Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight.

7

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.

anti-B

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?

are involved in cell mediated injury

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

A sign of thrombocytopenia would be

bleeding

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

blood flow to the kidneys declines

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called

coagulation

The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________.

conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation.

erythrocytes

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she

has antibodies to B agglutinogens

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

hemosiderin and ferritin.

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a

lymphocyte

To produce platelets, myeloid stem cells have to differentiate into what kind of cell?

megakaryocyte

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

monocytes

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

Most of the chemicals involved in the coagulation pathways are

plasma proteins

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium

Which of the following statements is true about hemoglobin?

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry four oxygen molecules.

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is

GM-CSF

What is the role of transferrin?

It transports iron ions in the plasma.

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

Some patients with sickle cell anemia can enjoy a normal life as long as they avoid strenuous activities. Why would this be?

Strenuous activities require more ATP, but the sickled red blood cells cannot supply the extra oxygen needed.

The hematologist performs a bone marrow biopsy by inserting a large bore needle into the red bone marrow of Jasmine's posterior iliac crest and extracting cells. Jasmine's red bone marrow shows very little hemopoiesis and virtually no hemocytoblasts, myeloid stem cells, or lymphoid stem cells. What would happen if Jasmine received a shot of erythropoietin?

The erythropoietin would have little effect on Jasmine's blood cell production.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

agglutination

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

agglutinogens; agglutinins

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops. Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value on your blood would be ________ than normal because ________.

higher; you have less blood plasma volume

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

hormone-binding