Chapter 19 Mastery

What is a hormone?

A substance released from synaptic terminals to a postsynaptic cell A chemical that alters the activities of all body cells A chemical that alters the metabolic activities of its target cell (correct answer) A chemical that operates only in negative feedback regulatory activities

Parathyroid hormone ________.

Can cause osteoporosis in the elderly if its levels have been particularly low for a long time increase blood calcium levels (correct answer) Cause a decrease in the level of activity of the osteoclasts Is made by the C cells

When a person hemorrhages and loses large amounts of blood, the hormone erythropoietin released by the kidneys will:

Cause new RBC to be produced (correct answer) Cause an increase in the production of ATP cause an adrenaline rush, which the person might need for survival Cause water and sodium ions to be retained in the blood

Severing the hypothalamic neurons in the infundibulum would:

Cause the hypothalamus to no longer be able to produce regulatory hormones Cause tumor development in the anterior pituitary Cause a decrease in the release of FSH and LH Alter the levels of ADH and oxytocin produced (correct answer)

Hormones released in the heart:

Cause water and sodium ions to be retained in the blood when there has been hemorrhage in the body Cause the respiratory rate to increase Cause the heart rate to slow down in order to ease the stress on the heart Cause water and sodium ions to be excreted into the urine in the kidneys (correct answer)

If a woman ovulates and that egg is fertilized, which hormone is responsible for ensuring that her uterus is prepared for the upcoming implantation of the embryo?

Estrogen Testosterone Prolactin Progesterone (correct answer)

If Juan has to have his thymus surgically removed when he is 13, he might experience which of the following problems?

He would not be able to grow to his full potential height Increased loss of calcium in the urine He would not mature sexually into adulthood More frequent illness (correct answer)

In what ways do hormones alter their target cells?

Hormones alter the types of cellular enzymes used (correct answer) Hormones do not alter the amount of cellular enzymes produced. Hormones are unable to alter the activities of the cellular enzymes Hormones can only create change by diminishing protein production in target cells

The colloid stores thyroglobulin in the microscopic thyroid follicles

Lateral to the internal jugular vein Inferior to the thyroid cartilage (Correct answer) Posterior to the trachea Superior to the cricoid cartilage

Which of the following is true of the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Neurons from the hypothalamus regulate the release of oxytocin and ADH from the neurohypophysis (correct answer) Neurons from the hypothalamus innervate the anterior lobe of the pituitary, regulating the release of GH, FSH, and other anterior lobe hormones All of the hormones released form the pituitary are made by the hypothalamus The pituitary gland produces regulatory hormones that determines he levels of ADH and oxytocin that the hypothalamus produces.

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen (correct answer) Releasing glucagon Releasing insulin Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon

When blood glucose levels are low

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. (correct answer) The pancrease releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes glucose levels to decrease Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the thyroid hormones?

They decrease the metabolic rate of somatic cells (correct answer) They are assembled in the colloid of thyroid follicles. Their production is regulated by levels of TSH from the anterior pituitary They require iodine in order to be produced.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system

Uses electrical impulses Controls short-term events, such as reflexes of the hands and feet that protect against pain Exerts longer-lasting effects upon the body (correct answer) Uses only fast release of chemicals from glands to control body activities

Julia is experiencing severe bloating, and a tumor is found in her right suprarenal gland. In what area is the tumor likely to be found?

Zona Reticularis Zona Fasciculata Zona glomerulosa (correct answer) The Adrenal Medulla

Hormones that cause prepubescent sexual characteristic development in boys and girls are produced in the

Zona fasciculata Zona glomerulosa Zona reticularis (correct answer) Adrenal medulla

Which number represents the cells that produce calcitonin?

1 and 8 3 6 and 7 (correct answer) 4

Which number represents cells that produce thyroglobulin?

1 and 8 (correct answer) 9 6 and 7 4

When blood glucose levels are high:

the pancreas releases insulin (correct answer) the liver releases insulin the pancreas releases glucagon the liver releases glucagon the pancreas releases glucose

During thyroid surgery, a physician needs to prevent blood flow to the gland. She remembers that:

Blocking the common carotid artery will prevent any flow to the gland The superior and inferior thyroid arteries both come from the common carotid artery The only vessel that needs to be clamped is the superior thyroid artery The thyroid receives blood form both the common carotid and the subclavian arteries (correct answer)

Which number represents a hormone that affects almost all the cells in the body?

4 11 13 6 (correct answer)

Which number represents the gland most involved in the blood calcium homeostasis?

8 6 12 7 (correct answer)

When cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glyocgen and releasing glucose?

Liver cells and cells in the pancreas Intestinal cells Cells in the pancreas muscle cells liver cells (correct answer)

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. (correct answer) Muscle cells only liver and muscle cells only liver cells only intestinal cells only

Which of the following structures connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

Medulla Colloid Infundibulum Isthmus (correct answer)

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

Negative Feedback Homeostasis (correct answer) Positive feedback Diabetes None of the above