Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Review Questions

In what order would excitation move through the conducting system of the heart? 1. Purkinje fibers 4. SA node 2. AV bundle 5. bundle branches 3. AV node

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

The first heart sound is heard when the _______ valves close.

AV

Which of the following is a positive inotrope? a. Na+ b. K + c. Ca2+ d. both Na+ and K+

Ca2+

________ __________ is when the heart cannot maintain adequate cardiac output.

Heart failure

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? a. atrioventricular node b. atrioventricular bundle c. bundle branches d. Purkinje fibers

Purkinje fibers

The heart is called a "double pump" because there are two functionally separate circulations. T/F

T

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. a. preload b. afterload c. cardiac output d. stroke volume

afterload

Abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as automaticity. ischemias. defibrillations. arrhythmias. contractility.

arrhythmias.

The ________ carry blood away from the heart. The ________ carry blood toward the heart.

arteries veins

Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve. aortic tricuspid pulmonary bicuspid papillary

bicuspid

Which primitive area of the heart will give rise to the right ventricle? a. bulbus cordis b. primitive ventricle c. sinus venosus d. truncus arteriosus

bulbus cordis

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? a. Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. c. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity d. Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria.

c. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? a. sodium b. potassium c. chloride d. calcium

calcium

The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation.

coronary artery disease

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria? a. P wave b. QRS complex c. T wave d. none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

d. none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

Relaxation of the heart chambers is called diastole. systole. depolarization. hyperpolarization. repolarization.

diastole

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ signals/action potentials from cell to cell.

electrical

The ________ _______volume is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill. The ________ ________ volume is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole. The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when the semilunar valve closes is the __________ ________ volume.

end-systolic end-diastole end-systolic

The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. a. pericardial sac b. endocardium c. myocardium d. epicardium

endocardium

The ___________ covers the outer surface of the heart. The muscle layer of the heart is the ____________. The _____________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

epicardium myocardium endocardium

The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ________. a. brain b. stomach c. lungs d. heart

heart

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle

left ventricle

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? a. medulla oblongata b. pons c. mesencephalon (midbrain) d. cerebrum

medulla oblongata

Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. placenta

mesoderm

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? a. mitral b. tricuspid c. pulmonary d. aortic

mitral

The _____ atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. The ____________ septum is shared by the two ventricles. __________ fluid is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac.

right interventricular Pericardial

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the ______ atrium. Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the _______ atrium. The earlike extension of the atrium is ________.

right left auricle

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle

right atrium

The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and pumps it to the aorta. left atrium. right ventricle. pulmonary trunk.

right ventricle.

The endocardium is composed of simple cuboidal epithelium. simple squamous epithelium. cardiac muscle cells. simple columnar epithelium.

simple squamous epithelium.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is in the ________ node.

sinoatrial

The function of the cardiac skeleton is to convey blood away from the heart. supply blood to the muscle tissue of the heart. reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of the pericardial sac. stabilize the position of the heart valves. provide for the movement of ions and small molecules.

stabilize the position of the heart valves.

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called ___________ carneae.

trabeculae

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from which primitive heart structure? a. bulbus cordis b. primitive ventricle c. sinus venosus d. truncus arteriosus

truncus arteriosus

The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents atrial depolarization. atrial repolarization. ventricular depolarization. ventricular repolarization. ventricular contraction.

ventricular depolarization.

Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart. Right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right atrium Left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, right atrium, and lungs Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle

Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle

The cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following? Purkinje fibers SA node AV node bundle branches bundle of His

SA node

The tricuspid valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae. T/F

T

As blood travels through the venous system toward the heart, why do the veins become larger in diameter? The transition causes the resistance to increase further so that the flow rate of blood increases. The transition causes the resistance to decrease further so that the flow rate of blood increases. The transition causes the resistance to decrease further so that the flow rate of blood decreases. The transition causes the resistance to increase further so that the flow rate of blood decreases. The transition reflects no change in the resistance, but causes the flow rate of blood to increase.

The transition causes the resistance to decrease further so that the flow rate of blood increases.

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? a. tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar b. mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar c. aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid d. bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semiluna

a. tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the ventricles. atria. venae cavae. aorta. pulmonary trunk.

atria

Most blood enters the ventricle during ________. a. atrial systole b. atrial diastole c. ventricular systole d. isovolumic contraction

atrial siastole

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult? a. interatrial septum b. interventricular septum c. atrioventricular septum d. all of the above

atrioventricular septum

The tricuspid valve is located in the opening of the aorta. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. where the vena cavae join the right atrium. between the right atrium and right ventricle.

between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called__________. A faster-than-normal heart rate is called ___________.

bradycardia tachycardia

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle? a. atrial systole b. ventricular systole c. closing of the atrioventricular valves d. closing of the semilunar valves

c. closing of the atrioventricular valves

The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.

cardiac veins; right atrium

The ________ reserve is the difference between the resting and maximal cardiac output. The amount of blood returning to the heart is the _______ return. Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the _______ valve.

cardiac, venous, pulmonary

The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the ________. a. primitive heart tubes b. endocardial tubes c. cardiogenic region d. cardiogenic tubes

cardiogenic tubes

As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries, cardiovascular pressure decreases. vascular resistance decreases. vascular flow increases. viscosity decreases. both cardiovascular pressure and vascular flow increase.

cardiovascular pressure decreases.

The two types of cardiac muscle cells involved in a normal heartbeat include specialized cells of the conducting system and ________ cells. The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called _____________.

contractile automaticity

Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? a. chordae tendineae b. papillary muscles c. AV valves d. endocardium

endocardium

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium lacks striations has more nuclei per cell cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells

has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

The wall between the atria is called the ventricle. coronary sulcus. auricle. interatrial septum.

interatrial septum.

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? a. systole b. diastole c. quiescent d. isovolumic contraction

isovolumic contraction

In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It remains constant. d. There is no way to predict.

it decrease

What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It remains constant. d. There is no way to predict.

it increases

Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through faulty valves are called

murmurs

EPO is released when oxygen levels in the blood increase. oxygen levels in the blood decrease. carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase. carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. protein levels in the blood increase.

oxygen levels in the blood decrease.

Cells that spontaneously make action potentials make up __________ tissue. The structures responsible for distributing excitation to the contractile cells are __________ cells

pacemaker conducting

The heart lies within the ____________ cavity. The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter, and exit is the _____. The inferior point of the heart is called the _____. Most of the mass of the heart lies left of midline. The wall of the ______ ventricle rests on the diaphragm.

pericardial base apex right

The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity. peritoneal cavity. cardiac skeleton. pericardial cavity.

pericardial cavity.

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

pulmonary

The ___________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. The __________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.

pulmonary systemic

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________. accommodate a greater volume of blood expand the thoracic cage during diastole pump blood with greater pressure pump blood through a smaller valve

pump blood with greater pressure

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called _______. The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________.

systole diastole

Ventricular relaxation immediately follows ________. a. atrial depolarization b. ventricular repolarization c. ventricular depolarization d. atrial repolarization

ventricular repolarization