Chapter 19,20,21
Which of the following arteries help form the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) in the brain?
Internal arteries
Lymph vessels reabsorb what fluid from the tissues and return it to the venous circulation?
Interstitial
During which event of the cardiac cycle are all four valves closed while both the atria and ventricles relax?
Iso relaxation
Rank in order the events involved in the production of angiotensin II.
Kidneys, renin, angio, angio ||
Lymphatic capillaries located in the GI tract are called
Lacteals
Oxygenated blood flows from the __________ to the __________ before being pumped into the systemic circulation.
Left at, left v
Indicate whether each statement is true or false:
Local control: True False True
Which of the following is the region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located?
Medi
Coronary arteries are _____ when all four heart chambers are relaxed.
Open
Insert the correct words into the sentences regarding the locations and function of tonsils.
Oral, naso, adenoids, tongue, lymphatic
The sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as the _____________ of the heart.
Pacemaker
Other than red bone marrow, the spleen contains the largest single store of
Platelets
The right side of the heart pumps blood through vessels to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through the __________ circulation.
Pulmonary
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Pulmonary, heart, systemic, systemic veins, increased, vasoconstriction, vasodilation
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.
Pulse pressure: the difference, a measure
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Resistance also influences: total, friction, opposed, blood, per resistance, vicosity, length, size of lumen
Place the vessels of the pulmonary circulation pathway in the correct sequence.
Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulminary trunk, Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary artioles, capillaries, Venules, veins, Left Atrium
Correctly label the anatomical features of pulmonary circulation.
Right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary vein, Right venticle Left pulmonary artery, pulmonary trunk, left ventricle
The cells of the ___________ act as the heart's pacemaker, which establishes the pace for cardiac activity.
SA
Peyer patches are large accumulations of MALT located only in the
Small intestine
Classify the descriptions into the appropriate categories regarding the two major types of lymphocytes.
T- Migrate
Indicate whether each statement is true or false:
The 2 pairs: t f t
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position.
The highest pressure: systolic blood pressure mean aretial pressure diaolistic BP pulse pressure
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
The physical force: hydrogastric pressure, blood, out of, osmotic pressure, higher
T-lymphocytes are named according to the _______ where they become immunologically mature.
Thymus
Match the lymphatic organ with its description.
Thymus- site lymph- filters spleen- filters blood
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.
Total blood flow: Equivalent, l/m, Amount of blood, dependant upon heart
The __________ valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid
A function of the fibrous skeleton is to provide electrical insulation between atria and ventricles.
True
An increase in hydrostatic pressure within the interstitial space "pushes" interstitial fluid into the lymphatic capillary lumen.
True
Arteries branch into narrower blood vessels called arterioles.
True
At rest, veins contain the largest percentage of blood in the body.
True
Autonomic influence on heart rate is controlled by reflexes.
True
Blood pressure is directly proportional to vessel resistance.
True
Cardiac output (CO) is equivalent to heart rate (HR) multiplied by stroke volume (SV).
True
Cardiac reserve can be simply defined as an increase in cardiac output above its level at rest.
True
If an increase in blood flow to an organ results in stretch of a vessel, it will respond reflexively by vasoconstriction.
True
If blood flow in the capillaries was too fast, there might not be sufficient time for exchange of nutrients and waste between tissues and blood.
True
If local blood flow in a tissue is inadequate, it may be due to a decrease in total blood flow.
True
If the hepatic portal vein was blocked, the liver would be unable to sufficiently detoxify the blood.
True
If the left ventricle fails to keep up with the right, pulmonary edema will likely result.
True
In the upper limb, the deep veins are named similarly to the supplying arteries.
True
Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they contain valves to prevent backflow, and use the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles to help move lymph along.
True
Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they contain valves to prevent backflow, and use the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles to help move lymph along. Group startsTrue or False
True
SA nodal cells are unique in that they exhibit autorhythmicity, meaning they are capable of depolarizing and firing an action potential spontaneously without any external influence.
True
The P wave of the ECG coincides with ventricular filling.
True
The general function of the cardiovascular system is to transport blood throughout the body to allow the exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood of capillaries and body cells, through the continual pumping action of the heart and vessels.
True
The renin-angiotensin system results in multiple hormones that raise blood pressure.
True
Veins in the pelvis drain into the internal iliac vein.
True
When a person is still, blood accumulates in the limbs because venous pressure is not high enough to override the weight of the blood and drive it upward.
True
Lymphatic ____ are formed from merging lymphatic vessels.
Trunks
What layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer of areolar connective tissue?
Tunica Intima
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass back to the heart.
Venous, basilic, axilillary, sub, brach, sup
During which event of the cardiac cycle does aortic pressure reach its maximum?
Ventricular Ejection
When arterial outflow becomes greater than inflow
arterial pressure decreases
The vessels that are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart are
arteries
Trace the path of lymph from the time it leaves the interstitial spaces to the time it enters the blood.
capillaries, afferent, lymph nodes, efferent, lymphantic trunks, ducts
What anastomosis of arteries within the brain equalizes blood pressure and provides collateral channels in the event of blockage?
cerebrul art circle
Lymphatic capillaries are ____ vessels.
closed-ended
Deoxygenated blood from the heart myocardium drains into the right atrium via the
coronary sinus
Blood pressure increases with sustained increased resistance because
in order to maintain adequate flow
Insert the correct words into the sentences to demonstrate your understanding of the movement of fluid into lymphatic capillaries. Not all terms will be used.
increase rises greater
Compared to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries are usually ____ in diameter.
larger
Cardiac output is normally expressed as
liters per minute
Match the vessel with the tissue it supplies.
lung, stomach, liver, adrenal, kidney, inferior, lower, descending
Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are
macrophrages
In both pulmonary and systemic circulation, gas exchange occurs at the
not all
Which of the following is not part of a lymph node?
not efferent or lymph
During which event of the cardiac cycle do the atria both relax and contract?
not ejection
Which tonsils are found in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?
not palatine
Besides filtering blood for foreign materials and phagocytosis of old, defective erythrocytes, the spleen is also involved in what other major function?
reservoir of platelets
The primary functions of lymph include
returning proteins to the bloodstream and transporting foreign particles to the lymph nodes.
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance.
smaller, decreases, increases, larger, vasocon, vasodil
The numerator (upper number) of the blood pressure ratio represents the
systolic
If given the choice between traveling through a vessel with high resistance and one of low resistance, blood will travel through the vessel of most resistance.
False
Pulmonary arteries carry highly oxygenated blood.
False
Secondary lymphatic structures include the red bone marrow and thymus.
False
The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles.
False
The coronary sinus is a modified vein that collects venous blood from all areas of the heart and drains it directly into the left atrium of the heart.
False
The thymus is a bilobed organ that is located in the superior mediastinum and functions in B-lymphocyte maturation.
False
Match the vessel with its associated chamber.
1. Inferior and superior vena cava Right atrium 2. Pulmonary trunk Right ventricle 3. Pulmonary veins Left atrium 4. Aorta Left ventricle
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. Not all terms will be used.
Fluid contained: lymph, blood plasma, lymphayic vessels, veins, lymphatic tissue, lymphatic organs
Check all that are a function of the pericardium.
2,3,4
Select all that are coronary veins or any structure associated with coronary veins.
2,3,4
What are the primary variables influencing stroke volume (SV)? Check all that apply.
2,3,4
Which of the following would cause a temporary increase in arterial blood pressure? Check all that apply.
2,3,5
Select all that are true regarding ventricular balance.
2,4
Check all that occur during ventricular systole.
3,4
Put the pattern of circulation into the correct order, beginning with the pulmonary circulation.
3,6,1,2,5,4- always triple check on google
Place the heart wall structures in the order you would find them, beginning with the most superficial one first.
3,6,4,5,2,1 triple check
Place the locations of the heart's conducting system in order, beginning with the location where the heartbeat is initiated.
4,1,3,5,2 get description numbers change
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
A relatively small blood: valves, limbs, towards, thoracic cavity, diaphram increase, abdominal, decreases.
Given that cardiac output equals ____________, there are only two ways to change it: change the heart rate or change the stroke volume.
HR X SV
What variables determine the effects on cardiac output?
HR and SV
A function of the fibrous skeleton is to anchor ________ by forming supportive rings at their attachment points.
Heart Valves
The thyroid gland is highly perfused. Therefore, it has a ______ degree of vascularization.
High
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.
Increase: Angiogenesis, dehydration, long vessels, poly
As the exercise progresses, muscular activity __________ venous return. This increases the _________ on the right ventricle.
Increase;preload
Place the veins that are given in order for the flow of a drop of blood from the descending and sigmoid colon, and upper rectum to the heart.
Inferior mesentaric, splenic, hepatic portal, hepatic veins, inferior vena, right atrium
If an individual has an infected cut on the thigh, in which region are lymph nodes most likely to enlarge?
Inguinal
The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the
upper limb and mammary
In a working tissue like skeletal muscle, carbon dioxide may accumulate along with an increase in lactic acid. In this example, carbon dioxide and lactic acid will act as
vasilidators
Under the microscope, a blood vessel is observed to have a relatively thin wall, a large lumen, is collapsed, and contains a thick tunica externa. This is probably a(n)
vein
During exercise, blood is shifted from the __________ into systemic circulation.
veins
The lymphatic ducts empty into
veins
Resistance in the blood vessels is primarily controlled by altering
vessel radius
The inner layer of the serosal pericardium is a thin, transparent layer of simple squamous epithelium called the __________ pericardium.
visceral
Which of the following statements is false concerning blood vessels?
volume imcreases
As part of the lymphatic system, the spleen functions to filter lymph.
False
Four main arterial branches emerge from the aortic arch.
False
How do veins return blood to the heart? Check all that are correct.
1,2
Select all that are likely to occur. If capillary blood flow in an organ was too fast, even if the organ was highly perfused, there would be a danger of
1,2,3
Select all that influence autonomic reflex activity from the cardiac center.
1,2,3
What are the structures included in the heart's conduction system? Check all that apply.
1,2,3,4
Which of the following are considered events of the cardiac cycle?
1,2,3,4
Check all that could potentially result in an increase in arterial blood pressure.
1,2,4
Which are characteristics of the heart when it is at rest prior to atrial contraction (atrial systole)?
1,2,4
Select all that are forms of peripheral resistance.
1,3,4
Select all that are true regarding veins.
1,3,4
What are the primary blood vessel types and their functions? Check all that apply.
1,3,4
Check all of the ways in which the heart chambers are involved in pulmonary circulation.
1,3,5
Select all that are functions of the hepatic portal system.
1,4
Match the component of the electrocardiogram to the correct definition.
1. Atrial depolarization 2. Ventricle depolarization 3. Ventricle repolarization 4.? 5. Ventricle contraction or
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Although net filtration: arterial, venous, 85, lymphatic, 15
Referred pain, often down the left shoulder and arm, in response to myocardial ischemia is called
Angina pectoris
Place the structures in order, beginning with the one with the highest blood pressure and ending with the one with the lowest.
Aorta, arteries, artiroles, capillaries, venules, veins, venae
Select all that are superficial veins in the upper limb.
Basilic, cephalic
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Blood delivered to capillaries: Local, Milileters, perfusion, total, liters, cardiac output, increases
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Blood is transported from: deigestive organs, liver, inferior vena cava, nutrients, harmful agents, detruction, spleen
Label the structures of a capillary bed.
Bottom left 2. Sphincter, muscle cell
Fill in the blanks, then put the sentences into logical order to discuss the cardiovascular system.
Cardiovascular: systemic The other circuit: pulmonary in these circuits: capillaries, venules, veins
An albumin protein from the blood may diffuse through the endothelial cell membrane and enter the tissue fluid.
False
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence in regards to blood pressure measurement.
Closed, decreases, systolic, ?, pulse, no, distolic
When blood is flowing out of the left ventricle, the bicuspid valve is __________ and the aortic semilunarvalve is __________.
Closed;open
What might happen if the fibrous skeleton was missing?
Contract simultaneously
Because the ventricular myocardium is compressed during ventricular _______, most coronary flow occurs during ventricular _______.
Contraction/relaxation
When carbon dioxide accumulates in a tissue, local arterioles will _________, increasing perfusion and decreasing carbon dioxide levels.
Dilate
Label the figure with the items provided.
Ductus Arteriosus, foreman, venosus, vein, arteries, cord , placenta
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Not all terms will be used.
Electrodes, amplifies, T, Depolarizes, ventricular, diastole
As oxygenated blood leaves the heart, what is the order of vessels it passes through in systemic circulation?
Enters aorta, enters elastic arteries, enters muscular arteries, enters artioles, enters capillaries, venules, veins
When the heart is at rest prior to atrial contraction (atrial systole), one of the primary heart characteristics is the AV valves are closed.
FALSE
During liver disease, levels of blood proteins may be low. This would __________ blood colloid osmotic pressure.
decrease
As the cross-sectional area of blood vessels increases, velocity of blood flow
decreases
Vasoconstriction
decreases blood flow, rises BP
The best estimate of MAP is
diastolic pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure
When blood that is low in oxygen is pumped out of the right ventricle, what is the order of vessels in its path?
enters trunk, enters either left or right, aeritoles, capillaries, venules, veins, atrium
Match the component of the heart wall with the correct explanation or definition.
ep my en my en ep
The external layer of the heart wall is the
epicardium
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
excercise, total blood flow, active circulation, redistribution, less, slowing, decreases
Place the blood vessel tunics in order from most external to most internal.
externa media intima
Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the circulatory changes that occur during exercise.
f f t f
Label the veins of upper limb.
first 2- subclavian, axillary