Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings - Questions
Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves, whereas _______ are the building blocks of cells
proteins
In terms of biological beginnings, which of the following processes occurs during fertilization:
egg and sperm fuse to create zygote
What is formed when fertilization occurs:
zygote
__________ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Chromosomes
______ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm
meiosis
A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair
recessive, dominant
Which genetic disorder occurs primarily in African Americans:
sickle cell anemia
Which of these is a recent research finding regarding gene expression:
A gene can sometimes be turned "on" or "off" due to external variables such as stress
What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information:
DNA
Which of the following is a double-helix shaped molecule that contains genetic information:
DNA
During ______, the cell's nucleus duplicates itself and the cell divides. During _______, a specialized form of cell division occurs to form an egg and sperm cell. During ______, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell
Mitosis, Meiosis, Fertilization
Which genetic disorder results in the inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid:
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
_______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these
behavior geneticists
Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development:
behavior genetics
The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called:
chromosomes
______ syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21
down
______ is a chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21
down syndrome
What unit of hereditary information is composed of short segments of DNA:
genes
_______ control the reproduction of cells and the assembly of proteins
genes
The Human _______ Project is the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism
genome
the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism is the:
human genome
If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to:
intellectual disability
Which of the following statements is true of behavior genetics:
it attempts to identify differences in genes, the environment, or a combination these factors lead to differences among people
Which of the following statements is true about meiosis:
it produces cells with unpaired chromosomes
All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called:
mitosis
The process that allows cells other than eggs and sperm to duplicate and divide is known as _______
mitosis
Differentiate mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization
mitosis - a cell's nucleus, including the chromosomes, duplicates itself and the cell divides meiosis - this is a specialized form of cell division involving eggs and sperm fertilization - an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell
A(n) ______ gene is marked by cellular damage from an environmental agent such as radiation
mutated
Environmental agents such as radiation, errors in the cellular machinery, and chance can all lead to a _______ gene
mutated
The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called _________ selection
natural
As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. this process is called:
natural selection
Sickle-cell anemia, in which the red blood cells cannot carry _____ properly and die quickly, occurs most often in African Americans
oxygen
Genes help cells reproduce themselves and assemble ________, which are the building blocks of cells.
proteins
Recent research has shown gene expression may be influenced by which of the following:
radiation, temperature, stress
A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a _______ gene
recessive
When a sperm and egg fuse, they create a single cell called a(n):
zygote