Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings - Questions

Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves, whereas _______ are the building blocks of cells

proteins

In terms of biological beginnings, which of the following processes occurs during fertilization:

egg and sperm fuse to create zygote

What is formed when fertilization occurs:

zygote

__________ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Chromosomes

______ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm

meiosis

A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair

recessive, dominant

Which genetic disorder occurs primarily in African Americans:

sickle cell anemia

Which of these is a recent research finding regarding gene expression:

A gene can sometimes be turned "on" or "off" due to external variables such as stress

What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information:

DNA

Which of the following is a double-helix shaped molecule that contains genetic information:

DNA

During ______, the cell's nucleus duplicates itself and the cell divides. During _______, a specialized form of cell division occurs to form an egg and sperm cell. During ______, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell

Mitosis, Meiosis, Fertilization

Which genetic disorder results in the inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid:

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

_______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these

behavior geneticists

Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development:

behavior genetics

The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called:

chromosomes

______ syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21

down

______ is a chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21

down syndrome

What unit of hereditary information is composed of short segments of DNA:

genes

_______ control the reproduction of cells and the assembly of proteins

genes

The Human _______ Project is the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism

genome

the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism is the:

human genome

If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to:

intellectual disability

Which of the following statements is true of behavior genetics:

it attempts to identify differences in genes, the environment, or a combination these factors lead to differences among people

Which of the following statements is true about meiosis:

it produces cells with unpaired chromosomes

All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called:

mitosis

The process that allows cells other than eggs and sperm to duplicate and divide is known as _______

mitosis

Differentiate mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization

mitosis - a cell's nucleus, including the chromosomes, duplicates itself and the cell divides meiosis - this is a specialized form of cell division involving eggs and sperm fertilization - an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell

A(n) ______ gene is marked by cellular damage from an environmental agent such as radiation

mutated

Environmental agents such as radiation, errors in the cellular machinery, and chance can all lead to a _______ gene

mutated

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called _________ selection

natural

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. this process is called:

natural selection

Sickle-cell anemia, in which the red blood cells cannot carry _____ properly and die quickly, occurs most often in African Americans

oxygen

Genes help cells reproduce themselves and assemble ________, which are the building blocks of cells.

proteins

Recent research has shown gene expression may be influenced by which of the following:

radiation, temperature, stress

A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a _______ gene

recessive

When a sperm and egg fuse, they create a single cell called a(n):

zygote