chapter 2 chemical level

polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

polysaccharide

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

________ reactions release energy.

Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound?

H2

Uracil ________.

Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA.

Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean?

Ty's blood is slightly alkaline

. When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes

a ion

Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?

amino

is a molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;

carbohydrates

is a mixture that is somewhat like a heavy solution.

colloid

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?

covalent bonds are stronger then ionic bonds

AB → A + B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction.

decomposition

is a catalyst composed of protein or ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which will be discussed later in this chapter.

enzyme

What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?

glucose

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

C subscript 6 H subscript 12 O subscript 6 is the chemical formula for a ________.

hexose monosaccharide

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?

hydrogen and hydrogen

A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure

hydrogen bond

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes

ion

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.

ionic bond

Lipid

is one of a highly diverse group of compounds made up mostly of hydrocarbons. may form an emulsion, which is the term for a mixture of solutions that do not mix well.

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

is a monomer of carbohydrates.

monosaccharide

A bond in which electrons are shared equally.

nonpolar covalent bond

A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?

nucleic acid

A pentose sugar is part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?

nucleic acid

C H subscript 4 is methane. This compound is ________

organic

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.

polar covalent bond

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with _____________.

polar covalent bond

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________.

polar covalent bonds

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________.

saliva contains enzymes

A substance dissociates into and in solution. The substance is a(n) ________

salt

Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution?

sodium ions and chloride ions

consists of a solvent that dissolves a substance called a solute.

solution

The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________.

specificity

Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolatechip batter is an example of a ________.

suspension

is a liquid mixture in which a heavier substance is suspended temporarily in a liquid, but over time, settles out.

suspension

The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

synthesis