Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive

96% of body weight made up of elements

4

An ionic bond is

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from the valence shell of one atom to that of the other

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction?

A high concentration of reagents

In hydrolysis,

A molecule of water is added for each bond broken

The monomers of proteins are

Amino acids

When atoms or molecules combine to form larger, more complex molecules, the process is known as __________.

Anabolism

Chemical bonds

Are energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms

If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may

Become denatured

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is

Catabolic and Exergonic

Something with a pH of 5 would

Have more H+ ions than OH- ions

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of __________.

Hydrogen ions in a solution

Enzymes the rate of a chemical reaction by the activation energy

Increase; lowering

The building blocks (monomers) of RNA and DNA are

Nucleotides

Which of the following best defines potential energy?

Potential energy is stored energy that has the capacity to do work but is not presently doing so

A homogenous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids is referred to as a

Solution

The important cholesterol-based molecules are

Steroids

Which of the following types of chemical reactions always involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule?

Synthesis

Colloids (emulsions) are heterogenous mixtures

True

Enzymes are unchanged in a reaction; they can be reused, and are NOT needed in large quantities

True

In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is

Water